{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992863033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","title":"Longitudinal changes and historic differences in narcissism from adolescence to older adulthood.","display_name":"Longitudinal changes and historic differences in narcissism from adolescence to older adulthood.","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992863033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","mag":"2992863033","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31804115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/pag0000379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55618883","display_name":"Psychology and Aging","issn_l":"0882-7974","issn":["0882-7974","1939-1498"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology and Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034759778","display_name":"William J. Chopik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-8738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-8738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William J. Chopik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Michigan State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-8738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Michigan State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060956262","display_name":"Kevin J. Grimm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-4469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9794012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"1109","last_page":"1123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcissism","display_name":"narcissism","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifespan-development","display_name":"lifespan development","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-cohort-differences","display_name":"birth cohort differences","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maladaptive-narcissism","display_name":"maladaptive narcissism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersensitivity","display_name":"hypersensitivity","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/willfulness","display_name":"willfulness","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-autonomy","display_name":"individual autonomy","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescence","display_name":"adolescence","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-age","display_name":"old age","score":0.8809999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505070042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186529","display_name":"Narcissism","level":2,"score":0.906029224395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8234814405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.7352207899093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.6088777780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6000663638114929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.5904906988143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988516024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441195","display_name":"Life span","level":2,"score":0.5390337109565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117250062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4685920","display_name":"Adult development","level":2,"score":0.48678991198539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1691868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811049","display_name":"Life course approach","level":2,"score":0.48541006445884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.4743441641330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.36670756340026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3211466073989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.26184892654418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08424350619316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.07194110751152039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009289","descriptor_name":"Narcissism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/pag0000379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55618883","display_name":"Psychology and Aging","issn_l":"0882-7974","issn":["0882-7974","1939-1498"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology and Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:31804115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31804115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology and aging","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:7cc0efd6-a774-4bf8-8606-c78dec895431","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/bf7qv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E00F6-04B-7FF","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/BF7QV","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bf7qv","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566626856","https://openalex.org/W592558008","https://openalex.org/W1528286763","https://openalex.org/W1540840038","https://openalex.org/W1559130892","https://openalex.org/W1629929512","https://openalex.org/W1731200220","https://openalex.org/W1969475475","https://openalex.org/W1973678445","https://openalex.org/W1980192064","https://openalex.org/W1983625131","https://openalex.org/W1994112965","https://openalex.org/W2000351638","https://openalex.org/W2000556016","https://openalex.org/W2009315063","https://openalex.org/W2013719061","https://openalex.org/W2017124927","https://openalex.org/W2018012194","https://openalex.org/W2018401481","https://openalex.org/W2020262027","https://openalex.org/W2029767076","https://openalex.org/W2034261869","https://openalex.org/W2035241113","https://openalex.org/W2038276265","https://openalex.org/W2040661201","https://openalex.org/W2046988008","https://openalex.org/W2049518862","https://openalex.org/W2060999123","https://openalex.org/W2061434775","https://openalex.org/W2064838522","https://openalex.org/W2065957901","https://openalex.org/W2066496900","https://openalex.org/W2089203474","https://openalex.org/W2097415821","https://openalex.org/W2105866161","https://openalex.org/W2108275656","https://openalex.org/W2110438311","https://openalex.org/W2116724667","https://openalex.org/W2117776374","https://openalex.org/W2120318582","https://openalex.org/W2122208875","https://openalex.org/W2127503589","https://openalex.org/W2130519267","https://openalex.org/W2133453466","https://openalex.org/W2133776849","https://openalex.org/W2136427428","https://openalex.org/W2141423196","https://openalex.org/W2142543803","https://openalex.org/W2142916040","https://openalex.org/W2150232152","https://openalex.org/W2152093605","https://openalex.org/W2154288602","https://openalex.org/W2157027771","https://openalex.org/W2159344018","https://openalex.org/W2162790624","https://openalex.org/W2164150544","https://openalex.org/W2169001409","https://openalex.org/W2271510327","https://openalex.org/W2293089019","https://openalex.org/W2297885698","https://openalex.org/W2314134690","https://openalex.org/W2322806001","https://openalex.org/W2343516420","https://openalex.org/W2477492792","https://openalex.org/W2509403056","https://openalex.org/W2557153277","https://openalex.org/W2580089088","https://openalex.org/W2599892280","https://openalex.org/W2606687098","https://openalex.org/W2702618363","https://openalex.org/W2743251075","https://openalex.org/W2748185836","https://openalex.org/W2764191596","https://openalex.org/W2781352461","https://openalex.org/W2946676951","https://openalex.org/W3080246842","https://openalex.org/W3121708244","https://openalex.org/W4238223983","https://openalex.org/W4243801562","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2985824745","https://openalex.org/W1973678445","https://openalex.org/W4403197147","https://openalex.org/W2117776374","https://openalex.org/W4400539495","https://openalex.org/W1983625131","https://openalex.org/W6887747691","https://openalex.org/W7128905843","https://openalex.org/W1149020542","https://openalex.org/W1214724021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55],"the":[1,26,56,100,160,167,170,179],"debate":[2],"about":[3,21],"whether":[4],"or":[5,43],"not":[6],"narcissism":[7,23,68,123,177,185],"has":[8],"been":[9],"increasing":[10],"in":[11,71,141,145,166,176,184],"recent":[12],"history,":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15],"a":[16,50,72,109],"lack":[17],"of":[18,47,53,62,74,88,122,169],"basic":[19],"information":[20],"how":[22,67],"changes":[24,175],"across":[25,85,99,128,134,178],"adult":[27],"lifespan.":[28],"Existing":[29],"research":[30],"relies":[31],"on":[32],"cross-sectional":[33],"samples,":[34],"purposely":[35],"restricts":[36],"samples":[37,87],"to":[38,82,106,108,148],"include":[39],"only":[40],"college":[41],"students,":[42],"follows":[44],"one":[45],"group":[46],"individuals":[48],"over":[49],"short":[51],"period":[52],"time.":[54],"current":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59],"addressed":[60],"many":[61],"these":[63,151],"limitations":[64],"by":[65],"examining":[66],"changed":[69],"longitudinally":[70],"sample":[73],"747":[75],"participants":[76,89],"(72.3%":[77],"female)":[78],"from":[79,104],"age":[80,83],"13":[81],"77":[84],"six":[86],"born":[90,158],"between":[91,186],"1923":[92],"and":[93,130,143,181],"1969.":[94],"Narcissism":[95],"was":[96],"moderately":[97],"stable":[98],"lifespan":[101,180],"(rs":[102],"ranged":[103],".37":[105],".52),":[107],"comparable":[110],"degree":[111],"as":[112],"other":[113],"psychological":[114],"characteristics.":[115],"We":[116],"found":[117],"that":[118,172],"more":[119],"maladaptive":[120],"forms":[121],"(e.g.,":[124],"hypersensitivity,":[125],"willfulness)":[126],"declined":[127],"life":[129],"individual":[131],"autonomy":[132,146],"increased":[133],"life.":[135],"More":[136],"later-born":[137],"birth-cohorts":[138],"were":[139,153],"lower":[140],"hypersensitivity":[142],"higher":[144],"compared":[147],"earlier-born":[149],"birth-cohorts;":[150],"differences":[152,183],"most":[154],"apparent":[155],"among":[156],"those":[157],"after":[159],"1930s.":[161],"The":[162],"results":[163],"are":[164],"discussed":[165],"context":[168],"mechanisms":[171],"drive":[173],"both":[174],"substantive":[182],"historical":[187],"periods.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}