{"id":"https://openalex.org/W299208601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","title":"The limits of extended naturalistic exposure on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/ by adult Japanese learners of English","display_name":"The limits of extended naturalistic exposure on the perceptual mastery of English /r/ and /l/ by adult Japanese learners of English","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W299208601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","mag":"299208601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0142716400066005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38427009","display_name":"Applied Psycholinguistics","issn_l":"0142-7164","issn":["0142-7164","1469-1817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Psycholinguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103513352","display_name":"Naoyuki Takagi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naoyuki Takagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama, Birmingham","(University of Alabama)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Alabama)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109562354","display_name":"Virginia A. Mann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine","University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103513352","https://openalex.org/A5109562354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866","https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2803209242","https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70455293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"380","last_page":"406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-learners-of-english","display_name":"Japanese learners of English","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-second-language-acquisition","display_name":"adult second language acquisition","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language-pronunciation","display_name":"second language pronunciation","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-speaker-comparison","display_name":"native speaker comparison","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8521682620048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7338245511054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43236755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56000","display_name":"Naturalism","level":2,"score":0.5039898753166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4738089144229889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3822389543056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32182538509368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0142716400066005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400066005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38427009","display_name":"Applied Psycholinguistics","issn_l":"0142-7164","issn":["0142-7164","1469-1817"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Psycholinguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148794534","https://openalex.org/W199860176","https://openalex.org/W1565412370","https://openalex.org/W1904429240","https://openalex.org/W1977727430","https://openalex.org/W1987002125","https://openalex.org/W1993119641","https://openalex.org/W1994492508","https://openalex.org/W2012658644","https://openalex.org/W2016774357","https://openalex.org/W2035714931","https://openalex.org/W2036486610","https://openalex.org/W2037249514","https://openalex.org/W2037931236","https://openalex.org/W2053883919","https://openalex.org/W2062956221","https://openalex.org/W2067476336","https://openalex.org/W2076837130","https://openalex.org/W2084579522","https://openalex.org/W2140466034","https://openalex.org/W2146970787","https://openalex.org/W2154095608","https://openalex.org/W2170164483","https://openalex.org/W2171637847","https://openalex.org/W2411353279","https://openalex.org/W2567631691","https://openalex.org/W2786031913","https://openalex.org/W2991631300","https://openalex.org/W4242346824","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302050943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871427075","https://openalex.org/W201634243","https://openalex.org/W2080595620","https://openalex.org/W2079262364","https://openalex.org/W293463820","https://openalex.org/W1548210384","https://openalex.org/W2088724121","https://openalex.org/W2156200123","https://openalex.org/W2061344316","https://openalex.org/W6986299426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"evaluate":[2],"the":[3,14,42,59,65,75,103,106],"effect":[4],"of":[5,17,27,68,77,102],"extended":[6],"adult":[7],"exposure":[8,113],"to":[9,86,100],"authentic":[10],"spoken":[11],"English":[12,18,28],"on":[13],"perceptual":[15,124],"mastery":[16],"/r/":[19],"and":[20,45,72,74,84],"/l/,":[21],"we":[22],"tested":[23],"12":[24,30,37,46],"native":[25],"speakers":[26],"(A),":[29],"experienced":[31,48],"Japanese":[32,49],"(EJ)":[33],"who":[34,51],"had":[35,52],"spent":[36,53],"or":[38],"more":[39],"years":[40],"in":[41,58,95],"United":[43,60],"States,":[44],"less":[47,54],"(LJ)":[50],"than":[55,105],"one":[56],"year":[57],"States.":[61],"The":[62,91],"tests":[63],"included":[64],"forced-choice":[66],"identification":[67,117],"naturally":[69],"produced":[70],"/r/s":[71],"/1/s":[73],"labeling":[76],"word-initial":[78],"synthetic":[79],"tokens":[80],"that":[81,101],"varied":[82],"F2":[83],"F3":[85],"form":[87],"an":[88],"/r/-/l/-/w/":[89],"continuum.":[90],"F.Js\u2019":[92],"mean":[93],"performance":[94],"both":[96],"tasks":[97],"was":[98],"closer":[99],"As":[104],"LJs,":[107],"but":[108],"nonetheless":[109],"fell":[110],"short.":[111],"Extended":[112],"may":[114],"improve":[115],"/r/-/l/":[116],"accuracy;":[118],"it":[119],"does":[120],"not":[121],"ensure":[122],"perfect":[123],"mastery.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
