{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991936631","doi":null,"title":"Cost of Quality: Lessons from Toy Recalls","display_name":"Cost of Quality: Lessons from Toy Recalls","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991936631","mag":"2991936631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2991936631","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3900916491/cost-of-quality-lessons-from-toy-recalls","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764874708","display_name":"Journal of international business research","issn_l":"1544-0222","issn":["1544-0222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international business research","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003283110","display_name":"Sohel Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-9454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-9454"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohel Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-9454","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014887635","display_name":"Michael J. Pesch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Pesch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035351629","display_name":"Rajesh Gulati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Gulati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88710207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.46700000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.46700000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13164","display_name":"Quality and Management Systems","score":0.19850000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.14830000698566437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toy-recalls","display_name":"toy recalls","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toy-safety","display_name":"toy safety","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-safety","display_name":"product safety","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-of-quality","display_name":"quality costs","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-quality-trade-off","display_name":"cost-quality trade-off","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-product-safety-commission","display_name":"Consumer Product Safety Commission","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-contamination","display_name":"lead contamination","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-hazards","display_name":"product hazards","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-management","display_name":"quality management","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-coordination","display_name":"supply chain coordination","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-coordination","display_name":"regulatory coordination","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control","display_name":"quality control","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-improvement","display_name":"quality improvement","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-management-system-certification","display_name":"quality management system certification","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.6524827480316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5818284749984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5581522583961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5296204686164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5092100501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.501772403717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.46705353260040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.4265305995941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.38475367426872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3510485887527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2596316337585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17313387989997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14393708109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2991936631","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3900916491/cost-of-quality-lessons-from-toy-recalls","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764874708","display_name":"Journal of international business research","issn_l":"1544-0222","issn":["1544-0222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of international business research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W343590142","https://openalex.org/W1482668398","https://openalex.org/W2032875700","https://openalex.org/W2891951560","https://openalex.org/W2015802445","https://openalex.org/W7097556196","https://openalex.org/W3034632072","https://openalex.org/W2611677158","https://openalex.org/W921003241","https://openalex.org/W4234963327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTIONThe":[0],"automobile":[1],"industry":[2],"has":[3,97],"been":[4],"plagued":[5],"with":[6,216,464],"massive":[7],"recalls":[8,12,22,61,68,148,490],"in":[9,16,45,287,338,491,502,524,595],"2014.":[10],"These":[11],"have":[13],"renewed":[14],"interest":[15,269],"understanding":[17],"the":[18,33,41,47,70,89,147,151,155,195,234,272,281,288,291,327,330,333,339,341,344,351,357,367,369,372,379,382,387,442,486,528,606,626],"root":[19],"cause":[20],"of":[21,23,59,72,75,78,122,157,221,239,262,314,335,347,371,384,386,444,451,489,527,565,571,590,619],"various":[24],"products":[25,115,223,336],"and":[26,83,130,176,192,199,290,316,319,350,381,398,408,423,428,460,465,473,505,513,543,563,624],"how":[27],"they":[28,609],"can":[29,133,169,187],"be":[30,134],"prevented.":[31],"Similarly,":[32],"year":[34,273],"2007":[35,263],"was":[36,270,479],"a":[37,56,278,283,448,482,566,588,596,612],"tough":[38],"one":[39,44,526],"for":[40,66,250,300,441],"toy":[42,60,417],"industry,":[43],"which":[46,111,551],"U.":[48],"S.":[49],"Consumer":[50,205],"Product":[51,206],"Safety":[52,207],"Commission":[53,208],"(CPSC)":[54,209],"reported":[55,149,259],"large":[57],"number":[58,334,346,488],"(Simms,":[62],"2007).":[63],"The":[64,94,120,227,410,454,515,598],"reason":[65],"these":[67],"included":[69,329,337,480,509,518,532,552,569,577,601],"presence":[71],"excessive":[73],"amounts":[74],"lead,":[76,562],"ingestion":[77],"dangerous":[79],"substances,":[80],"burns,":[81,557],"cuts,":[82,558],"tip-overs":[84],"that":[85,99,127,168,186,499,520,603,608,621],"caused,":[86],"or":[87,242,354,376,586],"had":[88],"potential":[90,553,579],"to":[91,108,113,153,232,264,485,548,556,583,605],"cause,":[92],"injuries.":[93],"popular":[95],"press":[96],"suggested":[98],"cost-cutting":[100],"pressure":[101],"by":[102,150,160,366,420,432,466],"U.S.":[103,204],"importers/retailers":[104],"forced":[105],"Chinese":[106],"manufacturers":[107],"cut":[109],"corners":[110],"led":[112],"hazardous":[114],"(Blanchard,":[116],"2007;":[117],"Brandt,":[118],"2008).":[119],"theory":[121],"quality":[123,132,183,198],"management,":[124],"however,":[125],"suggests":[126],"cost":[128],"reduction":[129],"conformance":[131],"met":[135],"simultaneously":[136],"(McKone,":[137],"Schroeder":[138],"&":[139],"Cua,":[140],"2001).In":[141],"this":[142,251,312,492],"paper,":[143],"first":[144],"we":[145,163,179,297,360],"review":[146],"CPSC":[152,256,328],"understand":[154],"types":[156,220],"hazards":[158,364],"posed":[159,365],"toys.":[161],"Then":[162],"present":[164],"an":[165,211,591],"integrative":[166],"framework":[167],"foster":[170],"coordination":[171],"among":[172],"regulatory":[173,214],"bodies,":[174],"retailers,":[175,380],"manufacturers.":[177],"Lastly,":[178],"discuss":[180],"some":[181,452],"proactive":[182],"management":[184],"practices":[185],"help":[188],"improve":[189],"product":[190,284,331,342],"safety":[191],"potentially":[193],"minimize":[194],"trade-off":[196],"between":[197,280],"cost.TOY":[200],"RECALL":[201],"DATA":[202],"SOURCEThe":[203],"is":[210,231,277,285,294],"independent":[212],"federal":[213],"agency":[215],"more":[217],"than":[218,305],"15,000":[219],"consumer":[222,247],"under":[224],"its":[225],"jurisdiction.":[226],"commission's":[228],"primary":[229,268],"objective":[230],"protect":[233],"public":[235],"from":[236,245,255,260,326],"unreasonable":[237],"risk":[238],"serious":[240],"injury":[241,580],"death":[243],"arising":[244],"unsafe":[246],"products.":[248],"Data":[249,324],"study":[252],"were":[253,309,322,390,546,616],"collected":[254,298,361],"website":[257],"(http://www.cpsc.gov)":[258],"January":[261],"March":[265],"2008.":[266],"Our":[267],"only":[271],"2007,":[274],"but":[275,446],"there":[276],"lag":[279],"time":[282,292],"introduced":[286],"market":[289],"it":[293],"recalled;":[295],"hence,":[296],"data":[299],"three":[301],"additional":[302],"months.":[303],"More":[304],"33":[306],"million":[307],"units":[308,348],"recalled":[310],"during":[311],"period":[313],"time,":[315],"258":[317],"injuries":[318,375,554],"3":[320],"deaths":[321,377],"reported.":[323],"gathered":[325],"name,":[332],"recall,":[340,373],"category,":[343],"total":[345],"recalled,":[349],"manufacturer,":[352],"retailer,":[353],"importer":[355],"conducting":[356],"recall.":[358],"Also,":[359],"information":[362],"on":[363],"toys,":[368,538,540],"month":[370],"any":[374,415,525,578],"reported,":[378],"country":[383],"origin":[385],"toys.These":[388],"toys":[389,427,435,470,496,519,573,602,620],"divided":[391],"into":[392],"nine":[393],"categories:":[394],"action":[395,411],"figures;":[396],"dolls":[397],"accessories;":[399],"educational;":[400],"games;":[401],"infant;":[402],"children's":[403],"jewelry;":[404],"role":[405],"play;":[406],"vehicles,":[407],"other.":[409],"figure":[412],"category":[413,456,483,517],"encompasses":[414,457],"figure-like":[416,426],"traditionally":[418],"used":[419,431,439],"boys.":[421],"Dolls":[422],"accessories":[424],"include":[425,471],"associated":[429],"items":[430,437,615],"girls.":[433],"Educational":[434],"are":[436,497],"not":[438,522],"purely":[440],"enjoyment":[443],"children":[445,500],"involve":[447],"learning":[449],"value":[450],"kind.":[453],"game":[455],"board":[458],"games":[459,462],"other":[461],"played":[463],"multiple":[467],"children.":[468],"Infant":[469],"raffles":[472],"baby":[474],"teething":[475],"rings.":[476],"Children's":[477],"jewelry":[478],"as":[481,587],"due":[484,555,582],"vast":[487],"area.":[493],"Role":[494],"play":[495],"those":[498],"use":[501],"dress":[503],"up":[504],"pretend":[506],"play.":[507],"Vehicles":[508],"cars,":[510],"trucks,":[511],"boats":[512],"planes.":[514],"Other":[516],"did":[521],"fall":[523],"above":[529],"categories;":[530],"examples":[531],"spinning":[533],"tops,":[534],"tin":[535],"pails,":[536],"pool":[537],"wind-up":[539],"music":[541],"boxes,":[542],"so":[544],"on.Hazards":[545],"limited":[547],"seven":[549],"classes,":[550],"fire,":[559],"impact,":[560],"ingestion,":[561],"tip-over":[564],"toy.":[567],"Bums":[568],"instances":[570],"overheated":[572,604],"causing":[574],"burns.":[575],"Cuts":[576],"occurring":[581],"sharp":[584],"edges,":[585],"result":[589],"appendage":[592],"being":[593],"pinched":[594],"product.":[597],"Fire":[599],"class":[600],"extent":[607],"could":[610,622],"start":[611],"fire.":[613],"Impact":[614],"moving/spinning":[617],"parts":[618],"separate/break":[623],"impact":[625],"user.":[627],"\u2026":[628]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-13T00:00:00"}