{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991908303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","title":"Hawking temperature from quasi-normal modes","display_name":"Hawking temperature from quasi-normal modes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991908303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","mag":"2991908303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/L02/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171172751","display_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","issn_l":"0264-9381","issn":["0264-9381","1361-6382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/L02/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009384351","display_name":"Claus Kiefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-9519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-9519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claus Kiefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln, Z\u00fclpicher Str. 77, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln, Z\u00fclpicher Str. 77, 50937 K\u00f6ln, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009384351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9399,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77859362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"17","first_page":"L123","last_page":"L127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hawking-temperature","display_name":"Hawking temperature","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasinormal-modes","display_name":"quasinormal modes","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwarzschild-black-hole","display_name":"Schwarzschild black hole","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-measurement","display_name":"quantum measurement","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-noise","display_name":"measurement noise","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-thermodynamics","display_name":"black hole thermodynamics","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9490373134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40745267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497396","display_name":"Hawking radiation","level":3,"score":0.6789560914039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86031905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5685100","display_name":"Hawking","level":3,"score":0.6292140483856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.5821101665496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32758168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900488","display_name":"Normal mode","level":3,"score":0.5630515813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5561147332191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188655511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609501","display_name":"Micro black hole","level":4,"score":0.5465041399002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.5313594341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88367682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2254125","display_name":"Sonic black hole","level":5,"score":0.521047055721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48937708","display_name":"Quasinormal mode","level":3,"score":0.4846273362636566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.43493562936782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136125196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742969","display_name":"Schwarzschild metric","level":3,"score":0.4221833348274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4213395118713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.41019734740257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3428635001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.34011930227279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.1927763819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.142013281583786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.14154690504074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.1270538866519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07321706414222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/L02/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171172751","display_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","issn_l":"0264-9381","issn":["0264-9381","1361-6382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/0406097","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0406097","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0406097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.338.9709","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.338.9709","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0406097v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:746123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/746123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0406097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0406097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0406097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/l02","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/21/17/L02/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171172751","display_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","issn_l":"0264-9381","issn":["0264-9381","1361-6382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991908303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991908303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82966157","https://openalex.org/W1963850395","https://openalex.org/W1973092187","https://openalex.org/W1983766000","https://openalex.org/W1989478845","https://openalex.org/W1994749194","https://openalex.org/W2022716862","https://openalex.org/W2061815084","https://openalex.org/W2069764580","https://openalex.org/W2073238181","https://openalex.org/W2075615778","https://openalex.org/W2077468361","https://openalex.org/W2108491246","https://openalex.org/W2118996795","https://openalex.org/W2120923477","https://openalex.org/W2125844894","https://openalex.org/W2152887812","https://openalex.org/W2170839177","https://openalex.org/W3098815664","https://openalex.org/W3103204141","https://openalex.org/W3105137989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042407113","https://openalex.org/W105976092","https://openalex.org/W2107945973","https://openalex.org/W4387132638","https://openalex.org/W3101950997","https://openalex.org/W2951430690","https://openalex.org/W2141377707","https://openalex.org/W4382766179","https://openalex.org/W2008859028","https://openalex.org/W2113651063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"perturbed":[1],"black":[2,44,57],"hole":[3],"has":[4],"characteristic":[5],"frequencies":[6],"(quasi-normal":[7],"modes).":[8],"Here":[9],"I":[10],"apply":[11],"a":[12,31,42],"quantum":[13],"measurement":[14,32],"analysis":[15],"of":[16,24,33],"the":[17,22,50],"quasi-normal":[18],"mode":[19,35],"frequency":[20],"in":[21],"limit":[23],"high":[25],"damping.":[26],"It":[27],"turns":[28],"out":[29],"that":[30],"this":[34,46],"necessarily":[36],"adds":[37],"noise":[38],"to":[39,49],"it.":[40],"For":[41],"Schwarzschild":[43],"hole,":[45],"corresponds":[47],"exactly":[48],"Hawking":[51],"temperature.":[52],"The":[53],"situation":[54],"for":[55],"other":[56],"holes":[58],"is":[59],"briefly":[60],"discussed.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
