{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991609347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","title":"Corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema","display_name":"Corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991609347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","mag":"2991609347","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31942428","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6947754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764861395","display_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"2211-5056","issn":["2211-5056","2211-5072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075715126","display_name":"Lihteh Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-7058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-7058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihteh Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA","Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099883033","display_name":"Jorge Chawan-Saad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2982035970","display_name":"Costa Rican Department of Social Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02jcd6j26","country_code":"CR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2982035970"]}],"countries":["CR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Chawan-Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ophthalmology Department, Mexico Hospital, Costa Rican Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","Ophthalmology Department, Mexico Hospital, Costa Rican Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ophthalmology Department, Mexico Hospital, Costa Rican Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2982035970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ophthalmology Department, Mexico Hospital, Costa Rican Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2982035970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022800949","display_name":"Max B.H. Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Enginnering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Enginnering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001145763","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macula, Vitreous and Retina Associates of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075715126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74679729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"233","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11377","display_name":"Retinal and Macular Surgery","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-macular-edema","display_name":"diabetic macular edema","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravitreal-corticosteroids","display_name":"intravitreal corticosteroids","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triamcinolone-acetonide","display_name":"triamcinolone acetonide","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dexamethasone-intravitreal-implant","display_name":"intravitreal dexamethasone implant","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluocinolone-acetonide","display_name":"fluocinolone acetonide","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-vegf-therapy","display_name":"anti-VEGF therapy","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-endothelial-growth-factor","display_name":"vascular endothelial growth factor","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitrectomy","display_name":"vitrectomy","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cataract","display_name":"cataract","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-hypertension","display_name":"ocular hypertension","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endophthalmitis","display_name":"endophthalmitis","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implant-migration","display_name":"implant migration","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-line-treatment","display_name":"second-line therapy","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9433407783508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776804153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210420","display_name":"Corticosteroid","level":2,"score":0.694283664226532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211240","display_name":"Triamcinolone acetonide","level":2,"score":0.6853422522544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777463590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924467","display_name":"Fluocinolone acetonide","level":2,"score":0.6688714027404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780347916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813737","display_name":"Macular edema","level":3,"score":0.5492435097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780401358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422252","display_name":"Dexamethasone","level":2,"score":0.5067859292030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486975","display_name":"Implant","level":2,"score":0.4935251474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.461281955242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781242345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924295","display_name":"Vitrectomy","level":3,"score":0.4593491852283478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.44424569606781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2563071846961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2416539490222931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.23481816053390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21324115991592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.13499203324317932}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764861395","display_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"2211-5056","issn":["2211-5056","2211-5072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5913643","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6947754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6947754","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6947754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31942428","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31942428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan journal of ophthalmology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59e673d48bc745d5b581f01ec1a42d8c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59e673d48bc745d5b581f01ec1a42d8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 233-242 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_68_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764861395","display_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"2211-5056","issn":["2211-5056","2211-5072"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485105115","https://openalex.org/W1499617936","https://openalex.org/W1507566259","https://openalex.org/W1528523709","https://openalex.org/W1571819686","https://openalex.org/W1592641144","https://openalex.org/W1782108791","https://openalex.org/W1809125639","https://openalex.org/W1897954975","https://openalex.org/W1963505580","https://openalex.org/W1965020544","https://openalex.org/W1972102480","https://openalex.org/W1972600272","https://openalex.org/W1977405438","https://openalex.org/W1978120330","https://openalex.org/W1980342089","https://openalex.org/W1987880512","https://openalex.org/W1991769640","https://openalex.org/W1994624502","https://openalex.org/W2000552582","https://openalex.org/W2004209831","https://openalex.org/W2005230964","https://openalex.org/W2005409914","https://openalex.org/W2005818000","https://openalex.org/W2010599103","https://openalex.org/W2016325915","https://openalex.org/W2016759069","https://openalex.org/W2019045814","https://openalex.org/W2022886290","https://openalex.org/W2029569083","https://openalex.org/W2029793104","https://openalex.org/W2033204635","https://openalex.org/W2033688147","https://openalex.org/W2033843345","https://openalex.org/W2042362462","https://openalex.org/W2044968030","https://openalex.org/W2049726879","https://openalex.org/W2050020278","https://openalex.org/W2053282839","https://openalex.org/W2056287065","https://openalex.org/W2060359798","https://openalex.org/W2062945833","https://openalex.org/W2064500194","https://openalex.org/W2071873164","https://openalex.org/W2075706854","https://openalex.org/W2077932437","https://openalex.org/W2078950289","https://openalex.org/W2079345221","https://openalex.org/W2084575920","https://openalex.org/W2086823543","https://openalex.org/W2091245553","https://openalex.org/W2094007374","https://openalex.org/W2098881307","https://openalex.org/W2100610966","https://openalex.org/W2102463203","https://openalex.org/W2105468266","https://openalex.org/W2121435502","https://openalex.org/W2134178766","https://openalex.org/W2155651989","https://openalex.org/W2176004800","https://openalex.org/W2179132967","https://openalex.org/W2226585534","https://openalex.org/W2256187595","https://openalex.org/W2289200040","https://openalex.org/W2301137133","https://openalex.org/W2316516002","https://openalex.org/W2320113086","https://openalex.org/W2327535590","https://openalex.org/W2333755504","https://openalex.org/W2348848782","https://openalex.org/W2405273368","https://openalex.org/W2414875470","https://openalex.org/W2425861222","https://openalex.org/W2498624319","https://openalex.org/W2511794381","https://openalex.org/W2520557556","https://openalex.org/W2537834584","https://openalex.org/W2567410172","https://openalex.org/W2571393191","https://openalex.org/W2588457234","https://openalex.org/W2588498820","https://openalex.org/W2738592239","https://openalex.org/W2749683053","https://openalex.org/W2767463793","https://openalex.org/W2775159942","https://openalex.org/W2789784671","https://openalex.org/W2795092737","https://openalex.org/W2799960019","https://openalex.org/W2802874716","https://openalex.org/W2805868637","https://openalex.org/W2891244783","https://openalex.org/W2891270939","https://openalex.org/W2891801803","https://openalex.org/W2898511243","https://openalex.org/W2903662749","https://openalex.org/W2909261967","https://openalex.org/W2912124642","https://openalex.org/W2916821066","https://openalex.org/W2923945074","https://openalex.org/W2941489548","https://openalex.org/W2946627198","https://openalex.org/W2960271241","https://openalex.org/W4299436089","https://openalex.org/W4406395852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509323335","https://openalex.org/W2067572570","https://openalex.org/W1993000969","https://openalex.org/W1975221222","https://openalex.org/W160117109","https://openalex.org/W3008857661","https://openalex.org/W2318189015","https://openalex.org/W3017932390","https://openalex.org/W7163534112","https://openalex.org/W4245221940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"macular":[1],"edema":[2],"(DME)":[3],"is":[4,135],"a":[5,9,83,104,113,167,199,242,251],"chronic":[6],"condition":[7],"with":[8,25,67,124,231,250],"multifactorial":[10],"pathogenesis.":[11],"Vascular":[12],"endothelial":[13],"growth":[14],"factor":[15],"(VEGF)":[16],"and":[17,29,53,78,112,161,170,177,217,229],"several":[18],"inflammatory":[19],"mediators":[20],"are":[21,75,93,195],"upregulated":[22],"in":[23,36,79,221,240],"eyes":[24,228,230],"DME.":[26,40,203],"VEGF":[27,76,133],"inhibitors":[28,134],"corticosteroids":[30,43,131,155,194],"have":[31,238],"all":[32],"been":[33],"used":[34,197],"successfully":[35],"the":[37,48,54,145,148,174,181,212],"management":[38],"of":[39,73,108,130,139,147,154,173,188,205,214,235],"Currently":[41],"available":[42],"include":[44,156,211],"triamcinolone":[45],"acetonide":[46,56],"(TA),":[47],"dexamethasone":[49],"(DEX)":[50],"intravitreal":[51,58,175,208,253],"implant,":[52],"fluocinolone":[55],"(FA)":[57],"implant.":[59,254],"The":[60,127],"response":[61],"to":[62,88,97,103,118],"treatment":[63,69,201,215,249],"can":[64,184],"vary":[65],"substantially":[66],"each":[68],"modality.":[70],"Some":[71],"cases":[72],"DME":[74],"driven,":[77],"others,":[80],"inflammation":[81],"plays":[82],"key":[84],"role.":[85],"Chronicity":[86],"appears":[87],"favor":[89],"corticosteroid":[90,114,149,209,252],"treatment.":[91],"There":[92],"no":[94],"clear":[95],"guidelines":[96],"guide":[98],"switching":[99],"from":[100,247],"an":[101,109,207],"anti-VEGF":[102,110],"corticosteroid.":[105],"Combination":[106],"therapy":[107],"drug":[111],"does":[115,142],"not":[116,143],"appear":[117],"provide":[119],"additional":[120],"benefit":[121,246],"over":[122,132],"monotherapy":[123],"either":[125],"drug.":[126],"main":[128],"advantage":[129],"their":[136,189],"longer":[137],"duration":[138],"action.":[140],"Vitrectomy":[141],"affect":[144],"pharmacokinetics":[146,219],"implants.":[150],"Common":[151],"adverse":[152],"events":[153],"cataract":[157,159],"formation,":[158],"progression,":[160],"ocular":[162],"hypertension.":[163],"TA":[164],"may":[165,245],"cause":[166],"sterile":[168],"endophthalmitis":[169],"pseudoendophthalmitis.":[171],"Migration":[172],"DEX":[176],"FA":[178],"implants":[179],"into":[180],"anterior":[182],"chamber":[183],"be":[185],"problematic.":[186],"Because":[187],"less":[190],"favorable":[191],"safety":[192],"profile,":[193],"generally":[196],"as":[198],"second-line":[200],"for":[202],"Advantages":[204],"using":[206],"implant":[210],"reduction":[213],"burden":[216],"predictable":[218],"even":[220],"vitrectomized":[222,227],"eyes.":[223],"Pseudophakic":[224],"eyes,":[225],"previously":[226],"long-standing":[232],"DME,":[233],"particularly":[234],"patients":[236],"who":[237],"difficulty":[239],"maintaining":[241],"monthly":[243],"appointment,":[244],"primary":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
