{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991599201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","title":"A GraphQL approach to Healthcare Information Exchange with HL7 FHIR","display_name":"A GraphQL approach to Healthcare Information Exchange with HL7 FHIR","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991599201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","mag":"2991599201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091931782X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091931782X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001475880","display_name":"Suresh Kumar Mukhiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-7633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Kumar Mukhiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000311674","display_name":"Fazle Rabbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0598","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8992-9682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazle Rabbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bergen, Norway","Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110437814","display_name":"Ka I Pun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-5548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-5548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Violet Ka I Pun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Norway","Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091633550","display_name":"Adrian Rutle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-1644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-1644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Rutle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044790089","display_name":"Yngve Lamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-1779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179863766","display_name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05phns765","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yngve Lamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001475880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179863766"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7034,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97570403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"160","issue":null,"first_page":"338","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13243","display_name":"Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphql","display_name":"GraphQL","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hl7-fhir","display_name":"HL7 FHIR","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-exchange","display_name":"health information exchange","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-interoperability","display_name":"healthcare interoperability","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rest-api","display_name":"REST API","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-languages","display_name":"query languages","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-api","display_name":"web API","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8944827318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7149686813354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778759051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691085","display_name":"Health information exchange","level":4,"score":0.6500133275985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5546339750289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189693848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031064","display_name":"Information exchange","level":2,"score":0.43835899233818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65399332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749568","display_name":"Representational state transfer","level":3,"score":0.42424333095550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.33507370948791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.19401484727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.0753316581249237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091931782X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/21839","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hvlopen.brage.unit.no:11250/2632185","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2632185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"338-345","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/74899","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-77986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1877-0509","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.082","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091931782X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120348307","display_name":"Procedia Computer Science","issn_l":"1877-0509","issn":["1877-0509"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1538474424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"259.293/o70","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4443414398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"259293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991599201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991599201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867219652","https://openalex.org/W2048733335","https://openalex.org/W2164572080","https://openalex.org/W2225834748","https://openalex.org/W2782664733","https://openalex.org/W2807795190","https://openalex.org/W2925169958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164572080","https://openalex.org/W3200497182","https://openalex.org/W4414794429","https://openalex.org/W4312945960","https://openalex.org/W3121768988","https://openalex.org/W2889765956","https://openalex.org/W4404135943","https://openalex.org/W4362575874","https://openalex.org/W4226267323","https://openalex.org/W2397095905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interoperability":[0],"is":[1,35,75,147],"accepted":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,76,113,118,128],"fundamental":[5],"necessity":[6],"for":[7,41,59,102,145],"the":[8,29,65,71,95,122,136],"successful":[9],"realization":[10],"of":[11,28,37,97,121,138],"Healthcare":[12],"Information":[13,43],"Systems.":[14],"It":[15],"can":[16],"be":[17],"achieved":[18],"by":[19,80],"utilizing":[20],"consistent":[21],"standards":[22,40],"defining":[23],"syntactic":[24],"and":[25,55,67,99,116,124,140,151,156],"semantic":[26],"meaning":[27],"information":[30,61],"being":[31],"exchanged.":[32],"HL7":[33,47,100,109,141],"FHIR":[34,48,101,110],"one":[36],"such":[38],"open":[39],"Health":[42],"Exchange":[44],"(HIE).":[45],"While":[46],"supports":[49],"Representational":[50],"State":[51],"Transfer":[52],"(REST)":[53],"architecture":[54],"Service-oriented":[56],"Architecture":[57],"(SOA)":[58],"seamless":[60],"exchange,":[62],"it":[63,126],"inherits":[64],"inflexibility":[66],"complexity":[68],"associated":[69],"with":[70,127],"RESTful":[72,129],"approach.":[73,130],"GraphQL":[74,98,114,139],"query":[77],"language":[78],"developed":[79],"Facebook":[81],"that":[82,135],"provides":[83],"promising":[84],"techniques":[85],"to":[86,107,112,153],"overcome":[87],"these":[88],"issues.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93],"exploit":[94],"use":[96],"HIE;":[103],"present":[104],"an":[105],"algorithm":[106],"map":[108],"resources":[111],"schema,":[115],"created":[117],"prototype":[119],"implementation":[120],"approach":[123],"compare":[125],"Our":[131],"experimental":[132],"results":[133],"indicate":[134],"combination":[137],"FHIR-based":[142],"web":[143,155],"APIs":[144],"HIE":[146],"performant,":[148],"cost-effective,":[149],"scalable":[150],"flexible":[152],"meet":[154],"mobile":[157],"clients":[158],"requirements.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}