{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991261973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","title":"Review of Studies that Integrate the Free Space Optics with Fiber Optics","display_name":"Review of Studies that Integrate the Free Space Optics with Fiber Optics","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991261973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","mag":"2991261973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087058","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Smart Communities: Improving Quality of Life using AI, Robotics and IoT (HONET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055190290","display_name":"Muhammad Salman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-5830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-5830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074358079","display_name":"Salman Ghafoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-4471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-4471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Ghafoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030855696","display_name":"Jawad Mirza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-6936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-6936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jawad Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Heavy Industries Taxila Education City University, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Heavy Industries Taxila Education City University, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101459150","display_name":"Syed Mohammad Hassan Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-0763","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-0763"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Hassan Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96078931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"074","last_page":"079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"free-space optical communication","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber-integration","display_name":"optical fiber integration","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-mile-access-networks","display_name":"last mile access networks","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-access-networks","display_name":"optical access networks","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6054437160491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5922732949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45440154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6494801","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","level":3,"score":0.5771763324737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5592415928840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5543665885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.5298025012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186379835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253276","display_name":"Mile","level":2,"score":0.5035039782524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984692560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q523846","display_name":"Integrated optics","level":2,"score":0.4583529829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4369145929813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.37406808137893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.339771568775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2500551640987396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22849205136299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14153450727462769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/honet.2019.8908077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087058","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Smart Communities: Improving Quality of Life using AI, Robotics and IoT (HONET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54022851","https://openalex.org/W214028640","https://openalex.org/W1480844783","https://openalex.org/W1492671270","https://openalex.org/W1511827011","https://openalex.org/W1559869797","https://openalex.org/W1970443511","https://openalex.org/W1972511691","https://openalex.org/W1976296132","https://openalex.org/W2012289380","https://openalex.org/W2021392602","https://openalex.org/W2038547995","https://openalex.org/W2043319378","https://openalex.org/W2086923735","https://openalex.org/W2087018617","https://openalex.org/W2097154752","https://openalex.org/W2098379164","https://openalex.org/W2114695240","https://openalex.org/W2115113313","https://openalex.org/W2130237667","https://openalex.org/W2139590573","https://openalex.org/W2149501959","https://openalex.org/W2150683908","https://openalex.org/W2167610851","https://openalex.org/W2169493024","https://openalex.org/W2189265269","https://openalex.org/W2619218671","https://openalex.org/W2619490005","https://openalex.org/W2742591489","https://openalex.org/W2769495638","https://openalex.org/W2908036399","https://openalex.org/W2941482347","https://openalex.org/W2944366715","https://openalex.org/W2953002161","https://openalex.org/W4205913867","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6680756104","https://openalex.org/W6687415768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399144949","https://openalex.org/W4403014495","https://openalex.org/W2522603865","https://openalex.org/W3102123016","https://openalex.org/W2112638344","https://openalex.org/W1992015201","https://openalex.org/W3140576288","https://openalex.org/W4375947504","https://openalex.org/W2007026752","https://openalex.org/W1511067703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,115],"presents":[2],"a":[3,54],"comprehensive":[4],"survey":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,35,48,59,67,90],"importance":[8],"of":[9,106],"free":[10],"space":[11],"optics":[12],"(FSO)":[13],"systems":[14,21,71,108],"used":[15,33,92],"as":[16],"last":[17,49,60],"mile":[18,50,57],"for":[19,122],"communication":[20],"and":[22,43,66,104,112,120],"their":[23,86],"integration":[24,81,96],"with":[25,85],"optical":[26],"fibers.":[27],"Optical":[28],"fiber":[29],"is":[30,58],"already":[31],"being":[32],"in":[34],"backbone":[36],"networks":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,76,93],"its":[40],"high":[41,44],"speed":[42],"bandwidth":[45],"qualities":[46],"but":[47],"has":[51],"always":[52],"been":[53],"problem.":[55,78],"Last":[56],"physical":[61],"connection":[62],"between":[63],"access":[64],"network":[65],"end":[68],"user.":[69],"FSO":[70,107],"provide":[72],"an":[73],"innovative":[74],"solution":[75],"this":[77,95],"The":[79,102,114],"surveyed":[80],"techniques":[82],"are":[83,98,109],"explained":[84],"working":[87],"principles.":[88],"All":[89],"nodes":[91],"make":[94],"possible":[97],"also":[99,110,116],"thoroughly":[100],"explained.":[101],"advantages":[103],"disadvantages":[105],"listed":[111],"discussed.":[113],"discusses":[117],"current":[118],"challenges":[119],"directions":[121],"future":[123],"research.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}