{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991237004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","title":"Hierarchically Authorized Transactions for Massive Internet-of-Things Data Sharing Based on Multilayer Blockchain","display_name":"Hierarchically Authorized Transactions for Massive Internet-of-Things Data Sharing Based on Multilayer Blockchain","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991237004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","mag":"2991237004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9235159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/23/5159/pdf?version=1574934793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/23/5159/pdf?version=1574934793","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018922459","display_name":"Shichang Xuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichang Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449684","display_name":"Yibo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-4824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-4824"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017871239","display_name":"Hao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-0860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-0860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-0860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017531037","display_name":"Ilyong Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-4099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-4099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilyong Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-4099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392143","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-3121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-3121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-3121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067423683","display_name":"Wu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-7648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067423683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"fwci":4.6482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95221752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"23","first_page":"5159","last_page":"5159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transactions","display_name":"data transactions","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-consistency","display_name":"transaction consistency","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-verification","display_name":"transaction verification","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency-control","display_name":"concurrency control","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-proof-data-storage","display_name":"tamper-proof data storage","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"big data","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8074824213981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7557210922241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.646830677986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6202512383460999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25185021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4053284","display_name":"Distributed transaction","level":4,"score":0.5691140294075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.5557236671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5527422428131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5025327205657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.4919149875640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4781147837638855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4505192041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4361397922039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.4289691150188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191558696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137712","display_name":"Serializability","level":5,"score":0.42046990990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.12022680044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11083260178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9235159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/23/5159/pdf?version=1574934793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9235159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235159","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/23/5159/pdf?version=1574934793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6773999929428101}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365911752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072019CFM0601, 3072019CF0603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7529710546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072019CFM0601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7758028384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7783433974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8277202118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3072019CF0603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991237004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991237004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819513546","https://openalex.org/W1969717155","https://openalex.org/W1999939110","https://openalex.org/W2031286111","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2106402168","https://openalex.org/W2113988606","https://openalex.org/W2133386065","https://openalex.org/W2181397138","https://openalex.org/W2288515487","https://openalex.org/W2293989129","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2561097737","https://openalex.org/W2731088641","https://openalex.org/W2755946751","https://openalex.org/W2758139288","https://openalex.org/W2765606838","https://openalex.org/W2783232377","https://openalex.org/W2914374206","https://openalex.org/W3124360645","https://openalex.org/W3125665602","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3186322244","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4255984255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579270350","https://openalex.org/W590454891","https://openalex.org/W2588999713","https://openalex.org/W2386202574","https://openalex.org/W1529755872","https://openalex.org/W2162564537","https://openalex.org/W2111755904","https://openalex.org/W2390021406","https://openalex.org/W2185948393","https://openalex.org/W2614829662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,11,39,114,119],"arrival":[2],"of":[3,6,13,34,41,65,92,118],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"era":[9],"and":[10,18,28,36,57,73,105,116],"rise":[12],"Big":[14],"Data,":[15],"cloud":[16],"computing,":[17],"similar":[19],"technologies,":[20],"data":[21,66],"resources":[22],"are":[23],"becoming":[24],"increasingly":[25],"valuable.":[26],"Organizations":[27],"users":[29],"can":[30],"perform":[31],"all":[32],"kinds":[33],"processing":[35],"analysis":[37],"on":[38,54,62,82],"basis":[40],"massive":[42],"IoT":[43],"data,":[44],"thus":[45],"adding":[46],"to":[47,112],"their":[48],"value.":[49],"However,":[50],"this":[51,76],"is":[52,85],"based":[53,81],"data-sharing":[55],"transactions,":[56,67],"most":[58],"existing":[59],"work":[60],"focuses":[61],"one":[63],"aspect":[64],"such":[68],"as":[69],"convenience,":[70],"privacy":[71],"protection,":[72],"auditing.":[74],"In":[75],"paper,":[77],"a":[78],"data-sharing-transaction":[79],"application":[80],"blockchain":[83],"technology":[84],"proposed,":[86],"which":[87],"comprehensively":[88],"considers":[89],"various":[90],"types":[91],"performance,":[93],"provides":[94],"an":[95],"efficient":[96],"consistency":[97],"mechanism,":[98],"improves":[99],"transaction":[100],"verification,":[101],"realizes":[102],"high-performance":[103],"concurrency,":[104],"has":[106],"tamperproof":[107],"functions.":[108],"Experiments":[109],"were":[110],"designed":[111],"analyze":[113],"functions":[115],"storage":[117],"proposed":[120],"system.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}