{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990941508","doi":null,"title":"Local Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma","display_name":"Local Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990941508","mag":"2990941508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2990941508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjo.org.pk/index.php/pjo/article/download/45/26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209200","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0886-3067","issn":["0886-3067","2789-4347"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://pjo.org.pk/index.php/pjo/article/download/45/26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055957556","display_name":"Hussain Ahmad Khaqan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-833X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-833X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Ahmed Khaqan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdul Hye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-4823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-4823"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Hye","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-4823","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":10000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":null},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55621498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11328","display_name":"Ocular Oncology and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11328","display_name":"Ocular Oncology and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinoblastoma","display_name":"retinoblastoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-chemotherapy","display_name":"local chemotherapy","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-arterial-chemotherapy","display_name":"intra-arterial chemotherapy","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravitreal-chemotherapy","display_name":"intravitreal chemotherapy","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraocular-malignancy","display_name":"intraocular malignancy","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-eye-tumor","display_name":"pediatric eye cancer","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carboplatin","display_name":"carboplatin","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topotecan","display_name":"topotecan","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melphalan","display_name":"melphalan","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vincristine","display_name":"vincristine","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etoposide","display_name":"etoposide","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-function-preservation","display_name":"vision preservation","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe-salvage","display_name":"globe salvage","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.88600754737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419953","display_name":"Topotecan","level":3,"score":0.8326963186264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415588","display_name":"Carboplatin","level":4,"score":0.8266252875328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.725249171257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776577112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500695","display_name":"Retinoblastoma","level":3,"score":0.6615360379219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778684742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298283","display_name":"Melphalan","level":3,"score":0.5724209547042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418817","display_name":"Etoposide","level":3,"score":0.4673357903957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408977","display_name":"Vincristine","level":4,"score":0.45920923352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.45129889249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.40379321575164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.38520121574401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3408133387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776755627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408524","display_name":"Cyclophosphamide","level":3,"score":0.20754516124725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778239845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412415","display_name":"Cisplatin","level":3,"score":0.13242992758750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2990941508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjo.org.pk/index.php/pjo/article/download/45/26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209200","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0886-3067","issn":["0886-3067","2789-4347"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2990941508","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pjo.org.pk/index.php/pjo/article/download/45/26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209200","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","issn_l":"0886-3067","issn":["0886-3067","2789-4347"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056479120","https://openalex.org/W2414860250","https://openalex.org/W2062965571","https://openalex.org/W2334205130","https://openalex.org/W4236980141","https://openalex.org/W4206389966","https://openalex.org/W2803753365","https://openalex.org/W2941565191","https://openalex.org/W2482168864","https://openalex.org/W1993022929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:\r\nIn":[0],"childhood":[1],"malignancies":[2],"Retinoblastoma":[3,21,38],"(Rb)":[4],"is":[5,11,29,68,75],"the":[6,61,90,93,97,179],"most":[7,129,147],"common":[8,13,130,148],"intraocular":[9],"malignancy.It":[10],"more":[12,30],"in":[14,70,80,88,173],"children":[15],"before":[16],"three":[17],"years":[18],"of":[19,66,77,181,185],"age.":[20],"may":[22,33,39],"be":[23,34,105,167],"unilateral":[24,27],"or":[25,36,43,126,172],"bilateral,":[26],"retinoblastoma\u00a0":[28],"common.":[31],"It":[32],"heritable":[35],"non-heritable.":[37],"present":[40],"as":[41,169],"endophytic":[42],"exophytic":[44],"tumor":[45],".Diagnostic":[46],"methods":[47],"includes":[48,101],"examination":[49],"under":[50],"anesthesia,":[51],"indirect":[52],"ophthalmoscopy,B":[53],"scan,CT":[54],"scan,MRI":[55],"scan":[56],"and":[57,73,95,110,143,153,161,187],"retcam":[58],"imaging":[59],"remains":[60],"gold":[62],"standards":[63],"for":[64,138],"diagnosis.Treatment":[65],"retinoblastoma":[67],"improving":[69],"its":[71],"outcomes":[72],"there":[74],"lot":[76],"progress":[78],",success\u00a0":[79],"new\u00a0":[81],"treatment":[82,99,122,164,171],"modalities":[83,114],",those":[84],"been":[85],"very":[86],"effective":[87],"saving":[89],"vision,":[91],"salvage":[92],"globe":[94],"save":[96],"life.(1)The":[98],"options":[100,165],"chemotherapy":[102,109,132,140,146,156],",that":[103],"can":[104,166],"intravenous":[106,131],"chemotherapy,periocular":[107],"chemotherapy,intravitreal":[108],"intra-arterial":[111],"chemotherapy,and":[112],"local":[113],"i.e.":[115],"transpupillary":[116],"thermotherapy,":[117],"cryotherapy,":[118],"laser":[119],"photocoagulation,":[120],"radiation":[121],"using":[123],"plaque":[124],"brachytherapy":[125],"EBRT.":[127],"The":[128],"drugs":[133,137,150,157],"are":[134,141,151,159],"carboplatin,vincristine,and":[135],"etoposide.The":[136],"periocular":[139],"Topotecan":[142],"carboplatin,for":[144],"intravitreal":[145],"used":[149,158,168],"methotrexate,topotecan":[152],"melphalan,":[154],"forintra-arterial":[155],"melphalan,topotecan":[160],"rarely":[162],"carboplatin.The":[163],"single":[170],"adjuvant":[174],"to":[175],"consolidate,":[176],"depending":[177],"upon":[178],"stage":[180],"disease.":[182],"Advanced":[183],"stages":[184],"disease":[186],"orbital":[188],"involvement":[189],"having":[190],"poor":[191],"prognosis.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
