{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990884166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","title":"Metaphor in science","display_name":"Metaphor in science","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990884166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","mag":"2990884166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metaphor and Thought","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253408209","display_name":"Metaphor and Thought"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005243362","display_name":"Thomas K\u00fchn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-9992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-9992"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005243362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":148.4444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":361,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"533","last_page":"542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.49050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.49050000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.36910000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.1168999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor-in-science","display_name":"metaphor in science","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-theory-of-reference","display_name":"causal theory of reference","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/max-black","display_name":"Max Black","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saul-kripke","display_name":"Saul Kripke","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilary-putnam","display_name":"Hilary Putnam","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"philosophy of science","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.8240777254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.7964163422584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6410210728645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775858994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5383732","display_name":"Epitome","level":2,"score":0.506517767906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116860108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054575","display_name":"Causal theory of reference","level":2,"score":0.4564622938632965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4483635425567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.38056784868240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25469905138015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.23994073271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23170387744903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.22988080978393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.17225328087806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139173865.024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metaphor and Thought","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W276502220","https://openalex.org/W2083546810","https://openalex.org/W7204843129","https://openalex.org/W2614673516","https://openalex.org/W2390396404","https://openalex.org/W2499745367","https://openalex.org/W127833612","https://openalex.org/W4249093241","https://openalex.org/W3175570956","https://openalex.org/W4250421577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"If":[0],"I":[1,79,91,126],"had":[2],"been":[3,21,63],"preparing":[4],"the":[5,9,23,45,66,83,149,170,176,201,226,230],"main":[6],"paper":[7,31,167],"on":[8,32,44,165],"role":[10],"of":[11,17,48,88,137,151,156,158,161,183,200,204,213,225],"metaphor":[12,33,216,234],"in":[13,97,117,228],"science,":[14,118],"my":[15,138,144,162],"point":[16,85],"departure":[18],"would":[19,92,107],"have":[20,62,95,108,128],"precisely":[22],"works":[24],"chosen":[25],"by":[26,40,187,208,233],"Boyd:":[27],"Max":[28],"Black's":[29,210],"well-known":[30],"(Black,":[34],"1962b),":[35],"together":[36],"with":[37],"recent":[38],"essays":[39],"Kripke":[41],"and":[42,75,143],"Putnam":[43],"causal":[46,202],"theory":[47,203],"reference":[49],"(Kripke,":[50],"1972;":[51],"Putnam,":[52],"1975a,":[53],"1975b).":[54],"My":[55],"reasons":[56],"for":[57,70],"those":[58],"choices":[59],"would,":[60],"furthermore,":[61],"very":[64],"nearly":[65],"same":[67],"as":[68,78,180],"his,":[69],"we":[71],"share":[72],"numerous":[73],"concerns":[74],"convictions.":[76],"But,":[77],"moved":[80],"away":[81],"from":[82,101],"starting":[84],"that":[86,106],"body":[87],"literature":[89],"provides,":[90],"quite":[93],"early":[94],"turned":[96],"a":[98,104,113,159,223],"direction":[99],"different":[100],"Boyd's,":[102],"following":[103],"path":[105,125],"brought":[109],"me":[110],"quickly":[111],"to":[112,129,134,140,192,195],"central":[114],"metaphorlike":[115],"process":[116],"one":[119],"which":[120,229],"he":[121],"passes":[122],"by.":[123],"That":[124,172],"shall":[127],"sketch,":[130],"if":[131],"sense":[132,194],"is":[133,189],"be":[135],"made":[136],"reactions":[139],"Boyd's":[141,166],"proposals,":[142],"remarks":[145],"will":[146],"therefore":[147],"take":[148],"form":[150],"an":[152,196],"excessively":[153],"condensed":[154],"epitome":[155],"parts":[157],"position":[160],"own,":[163],"comments":[164],"emerging":[168],"along":[169],"way.":[171],"format":[173],"seems":[174],"all":[175],"more":[177],"essential":[178],"inasmuch":[179],"detailed":[181],"analysis":[182],"individual":[184],"points":[185],"presented":[186],"Boyd":[188,206],"not":[190],"likely":[191],"make":[193],"audience":[197],"largely":[198],"ignorant":[199],"reference.":[205],"begins":[207],"accepting":[209],"\u201cinteraction\u201d":[211],"view":[212],"metaphor.":[214],"However":[215],"functions,":[217],"it":[218],"neither":[219],"presupposes":[220],"nor":[221],"supplies":[222],"list":[224],"respects":[227],"subjects":[231],"juxtaposed":[232],"are":[235],"similar.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}