{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990741638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203110171-18","title":"The Tree Test: A Parsimonious Projective Drawing Technique","display_name":"The Tree Test: A Parsimonious Projective Drawing Technique","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990741638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203110171-18","mag":"2990741638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2990741638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203110171-18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203110171/chapters/10.4324/9780203110171-18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042483858","display_name":"Yann Le Corff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-2969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-2969"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yann Le Corff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-2969","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025233785","display_name":"John Tivendell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Tivendell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charlotte Leblanc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Leblanc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74044361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"204","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12372","display_name":"Art Therapy and Mental Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-test","display_name":"tree test","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projective-drawing-tests","display_name":"projective drawing tests","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baum-test","display_name":"Baum test","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/house-tree-person-test","display_name":"House-Tree-Person test","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/draw-a-person-test","display_name":"Draw-A-Person test","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-drawings","display_name":"children's drawings","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7286316156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6914647817611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177846678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501864","display_name":"Projective test","level":2,"score":0.6306535601615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5872354507446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4115142822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3458438515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.3397095501422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28554433584213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.24779343605041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.17790496349334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.1099996268749237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2990741638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203110171-18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203110171/chapters/10.4324/9780203110171-18","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353022782","https://openalex.org/W2956605918","https://openalex.org/W780839018","https://openalex.org/W2013781291","https://openalex.org/W2232497555","https://openalex.org/W4386550817","https://openalex.org/W36017066","https://openalex.org/W2322005422","https://openalex.org/W3048910609","https://openalex.org/W6930688918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Projective":[0],"techniques":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"around":[4],"since":[5],"the":[6,9,16,59,97,113,125,135,143,152,191,197,227],"end":[7],"of":[8,15,19,27,87,90,127,229],"nineteenth":[10],"century":[11],"but":[12],"perhaps":[13],"one":[14],"earliest":[17],"examples":[18],"a":[20,41,55,64,79,88,128,182,187,203,210,232,235,239],"drawing":[21,43,83,126,188,204,223,228],"test":[22,137,147],"was":[23,54,105,109,172],"Machover\u2019s":[24],"\n(1949)":[25],"adaptation":[26],"Goodenough\u2019s":[28,35,139],"(1926b)":[29],"Draw-A-Person":[30],"(D-A-P)":[31],"test.":[32],"\nSoon":[33],"after":[34,58],"work,":[36],"Jucker":[37,104],"would":[38,133],"start":[39],"using":[40],"tree":[42],"task":[44,84,189],"in":[45,49,165,218],"\nhis":[46],"own":[47],"work":[48],"1928":[50],"(Webster,":[51],"2008).":[52],"It":[53],"short":[56],"time":[57],"D-A-P":[60,140],"that":[61,85,96],"\nWartegg":[62],"presented":[63],"somewhat":[65],"corollary":[66],"measure,":[67],"his":[68,106],"Drawing":[69,115],"Completion":[70],"\nTest":[71],"(WZT;":[72],"Wartegg,":[73],"1939;":[74],"Roivainen":[75],"&":[76,168],"Ruuska,":[77],"2005),":[78],"structured":[80],"projective":[81],"\nand":[82],"consists":[86],"series":[89],"unfi":[91],"nished":[92],"lines":[93],"or":[94],"dots":[95],"examinee":[98,198],"is":[99,155,199],"instructed":[100],"to":[101,141,201],"complete.":[102],"Although":[103],"mentor,":[107],"it":[108],"Koch":[110],"\nwho":[111],"developed":[112],"Tree":[114,153],"Test":[116,154,177],"(Baum":[117],"test;":[118],"Koch,":[119],"1949,":[120],"1952,":[121],"1957),":[122],"\nwhich":[123],"involves":[124],"\u201cfruit":[129],"tree.\u201d":[130],"Later":[131],"Buck":[132],"integrate":[134],"\ntree":[136],"into":[138],"produce":[142],"now":[144],"well-known":[145],"HouseTree-Person":[146],"(HTP;":[148],"Buck,":[149],"1948).":[150],"Today":[151],"still":[156],"quite":[157],"popular":[158],"\nin":[159],"continental":[160],"Europe":[161],"(ESPD,":[162],"2007)":[163],"and":[164,214,238],"Japan":[166],"(Stevens":[167],"Wedding,":[169],"2004).":[170],"\nThere":[171],"also":[173],"Raven\u2019s":[174],"Controlled":[175],"Projection":[176],"(Cohen":[178],"de":[179,220],"Lara-Kroon,":[180],"\n1999),":[181],"British":[183],"method":[184],"which":[185,225],"combined":[186],"with":[190],"story-telling":[192],"\nmethod":[193],"(in":[194],"children\u2019s":[195],"version,":[196],"invited":[200],"make":[202],"and,":[205],"\nwhile":[206],"doing":[207],"so,":[208],"tell":[209],"story":[211],"about":[212],"it),":[213],"Van":[215],"Lennep\u2019s":[216],"(1958;":[217],"Cohen":[219],"LaraKroon,":[221],"1999)":[222],"task,":[224],"requires":[226],"three":[230],"trees:":[231],"fruit":[233],"\ntree,":[234],"fantasy":[236],"tree,":[237],"dream":[240],"tree.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
