{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990480353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","title":"Evaluating the Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Supplemented Feed on the Growth and Carcass Quality of Broilers in Calabar","display_name":"Evaluating the Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Supplemented Feed on the Growth and Carcass Quality of Broilers in Calabar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990480353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","mag":"2990480353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240658","display_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-3248","issn":["2582-3248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110538294","display_name":"N. E. Edu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. E. Edu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054968350","display_name":"P Ekpo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0880-9380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0880-9380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. B. Ekpo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035040528","display_name":"Anthony John Umoyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-7588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-7588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Umoyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069308766","display_name":"T. L. Thomas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133101575","display_name":"Taraba State University","ror":"https://ror.org/000548d77","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133101575"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. L. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133101575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112485294","display_name":"Markson Akpan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. O. Akpan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. A. Leo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. Leo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031484183","display_name":"I. E. Job","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. E. Job","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71270748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12721","display_name":"Moringa oleifera research and applications","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moringa-oleifera","display_name":"Moringa oleifera","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-meal","display_name":"leaf powder","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-supplementation","display_name":"feed supplementation","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-traits","display_name":"carcass characteristics","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-gain","display_name":"weight gain","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-yield","display_name":"carcass yield","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-feed-resources","display_name":"alternative feed resources","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.8380728960037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.8262999057769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6816967725753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6617796421051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.618313729763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5806604623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.546109676361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.5263617634773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.4602017104625702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.36616843938827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.24627500772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10644033551216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.062274396419525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240658","display_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-3248","issn":["2582-3248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalajarr.com:article/136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalajarr.com/index.php/AJARR/article/view/136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240658","display_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-3248","issn":["2582-3248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2582-3248","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05356288v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05356288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 2019, 7 (1), pp.1-7","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2019/v7i130162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240658","display_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-3248","issn":["2582-3248"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44532687","https://openalex.org/W1582027923","https://openalex.org/W1992716708","https://openalex.org/W2029306313","https://openalex.org/W2098819888","https://openalex.org/W2109228066","https://openalex.org/W2119941032","https://openalex.org/W2133983691","https://openalex.org/W2135782709","https://openalex.org/W2187760670","https://openalex.org/W2321198256","https://openalex.org/W2737166993","https://openalex.org/W2949332675","https://openalex.org/W2971067524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384030078","https://openalex.org/W2158022125","https://openalex.org/W2018629723","https://openalex.org/W1985825498","https://openalex.org/W3088274058","https://openalex.org/W3112001907","https://openalex.org/W4381234190","https://openalex.org/W4310204592","https://openalex.org/W165007690","https://openalex.org/W3126890518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Rapid":[1],"population":[2],"growth":[3,48],"of":[4,37,52,59,80,119,174,185,233,266,280,288,321],"human":[5],"and":[6,18,26,49,64,76,112,117,159,181,208,244,295],"livestock":[7],"create":[8],"increasing":[9],"demands":[10],"for":[11,73,205],"food,":[12],"nutrition":[13],"security":[14],"in":[15,54,97,214,241,250,258,269,286,304,310],"developing":[16],"countries":[17],"therefore":[19],"alternative":[20],"feed":[21,45,126,150,154,230,323],"resources":[22],"must":[23],"be":[24],"identified":[25],"evaluated.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"was":[30,135,202,317],"carried":[31],"out":[32],"to":[33,105,165],"investigate":[34],"the":[35,47,124,129,195,226,234,256,300,305],"effects":[36],"Moringa":[38,60],"oleifera":[39,61],"leaf":[40],"meal":[41],"(MOLM)":[42],"on":[43,46],"supplemented":[44,171,272],"carcass":[50,160],"quality":[51],"broilers":[53],"Calabar.":[55,98],"Methodology:":[56],"Fresh":[57],"leaves":[58,70],"were":[62,71,90,102,121,147,163,190,236,282,308],"bought":[63],"collected":[65],"from":[66,92],"Calabar,":[67],"Nigeria.":[68],"The":[69,99,144,169,198,229,278],"dried":[72],"four":[74,106,130],"days":[75],"milled.":[77],"A":[78],"total":[79],"40":[81],"broiler":[82,100,125],"chicks":[83,101],"that":[84],"48":[85],"day-olds,":[86],"unsexed":[87],"(rose":[88],"308)":[89],"sourced":[91],"a":[93,318],"reputable":[94],"poultry":[95],"farm":[96],"randomly":[103],"allotted":[104],"treatment":[107,131,196],"groups":[108],"(A,":[109],"B,":[110],"C":[111,209],"D).":[113],"0%,":[114],"5%,":[115],"10%":[116,184,221,274,313],"15%":[118,325],"MOLM":[120,175,222,275,281],"incorporated":[122],"into":[123],"which":[127],"constituted":[128],"groups.":[132,197],"Each":[133],"group":[134,206,215,242,251,259],"replicated":[136],"ten":[137],"times":[138],"at":[139],"10":[140],"birds":[141,218,235,270,311,322],"per":[142],"replicate.":[143],"following":[145],"parameters":[146],"taken":[148],"including":[149],"intake,":[151],"weight":[152,180,199,294],"gain,":[153],"conversion":[155,231],"ratio,":[156],"mortality":[157],"rate":[158],"quality.":[161],"Data":[162],"subjected":[164],"statistical":[166],"analysis.":[167],"Results:":[168],"diet":[170,224],"with":[172,217,220,255,273,324],"5%":[173],"showed":[176,263],"significantly":[177,191,211,238,248,284],"high":[178],"body":[179],"followed":[182],"by":[183],"MOLM.":[186,326],"Feed":[187],"intake":[188],"values":[189,265],"(p<0.05)":[192,212],"different":[193,213,240,285],"across":[194],"gain":[200],"(WG)":[201],"statistically":[203],"similar":[204],"B":[207,243],"but":[210,246],"D;":[216],"fed":[219,271,312],"based":[223],"having":[225],"highest":[227],"WG.":[228],"ratio":[232],"not":[237,283],"(p>0.05)":[239],"C,":[245],"differed":[247],"(P<0.05)":[249],"D":[252],"when":[253],"compared":[254],"control":[257],"A.":[260],"Carcass":[261],"characteristics":[262],"higher":[264],"dressing":[267],"percentage":[268],"(group":[276],"C).":[277],"levels":[279],"terms":[287],"liver":[289],"weight,":[290,292],"heart":[291],"kidney":[293],"abdominal":[296],"fat.":[297],"Conclusion:":[298],"Overall,":[299],"best":[301],"significant":[302],"improvement":[303],"response":[306],"indices":[307],"obtained":[309],"MOLM,":[314],"while":[315],"there":[316],"reduced":[319],"performance":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}