{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990225681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","title":"Human Capital and Theory of Planned Behavior: Unraveling Entrepreneurial Intentions of IT Students in Pakistan","display_name":"Human Capital and Theory of Planned Behavior: Unraveling Entrepreneurial Intentions of IT Students in Pakistan","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990225681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","mag":"2990225681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jebi/article/download/15557/12430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225012","display_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","issn_l":"2332-8851","issn":["2332-8851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141805","host_organization_name":"Macrothink Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Macrothink Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jebi/article/download/15557/12430","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052511750","display_name":"Hina Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3527-5261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3527-5261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["northwestern POlytechnical university"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"northwestern POlytechnical university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087616390","display_name":"Jianfeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-3244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-3244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai Jianfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical university, xi'an shaanxi china"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical university, xi'an shaanxi china","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wang Miao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shannxi, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 Shannxi, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103081722","display_name":"Sidra Ramzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8307-246X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8307-246X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Ramzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical university, xi'an shaanxi china"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical university, xi'an shaanxi china","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89089073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"23","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-intention","display_name":"entrepreneurial intention","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-students","display_name":"information technology students","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-attitude","display_name":"entrepreneurial attitude","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.8349424600601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.6813291311264038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6515276432037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.631284236907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5529735088348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.483636736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.48257771134376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.475288987159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4059488773345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21077552437782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18959739804267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16961008310317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.15430977940559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10495060682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.07775908708572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07696205377578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jebi/article/download/15557/12430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225012","display_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","issn_l":"2332-8851","issn":["2332-8851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141805","host_organization_name":"Macrothink Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Macrothink Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:90327","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/90327/1/90327.pdf","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/90327/1/90327.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196350","display_name":"ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","host_organization_name":"James Cook University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:mth:jebi88:v:6:y:2019:i:2:p:23","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jebi/article/download/15557/12430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5296/jebi.v6i2.15557","pdf_url":"http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/jebi/article/download/15557/12430","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210225012","display_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","issn_l":"2332-8851","issn":["2332-8851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328141805","host_organization_name":"Macrothink Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328141805"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Macrothink Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990225681.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990225681.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54812004","https://openalex.org/W66743467","https://openalex.org/W267507472","https://openalex.org/W607490809","https://openalex.org/W946000761","https://openalex.org/W1486100616","https://openalex.org/W1499170180","https://openalex.org/W1519382749","https://openalex.org/W1523202939","https://openalex.org/W1602544562","https://openalex.org/W1956263067","https://openalex.org/W1965736010","https://openalex.org/W1969264211","https://openalex.org/W1969619854","https://openalex.org/W1982955816","https://openalex.org/W1985419904","https://openalex.org/W1988005587","https://openalex.org/W1989131699","https://openalex.org/W1992616122","https://openalex.org/W1994547427","https://openalex.org/W1995099808","https://openalex.org/W2009274630","https://openalex.org/W2015853925","https://openalex.org/W2020104019","https://openalex.org/W2020543407","https://openalex.org/W2025771364","https://openalex.org/W2030827456","https://openalex.org/W2031248502","https://openalex.org/W2036944163","https://openalex.org/W2039399350","https://openalex.org/W2046579987","https://openalex.org/W2050226767","https://openalex.org/W2063986994","https://openalex.org/W2072447078","https://openalex.org/W2073639406","https://openalex.org/W2080533041","https://openalex.org/W2084069765","https://openalex.org/W2089502178","https://openalex.org/W2094179452","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2104654484","https://openalex.org/W2106824828","https://openalex.org/W2109406886","https://openalex.org/W2110675982","https://openalex.org/W2116006659","https://openalex.org/W2122575334","https://openalex.org/W2133588092","https://openalex.org/W2135507801","https://openalex.org/W2137384280","https://openalex.org/W2142994064","https://openalex.org/W2152095411","https://openalex.org/W2159147610","https://openalex.org/W2170931809","https://openalex.org/W2183299823","https://openalex.org/W2183311486","https://openalex.org/W2188931152","https://openalex.org/W2204823386","https://openalex.org/W2274243376","https://openalex.org/W2281876864","https://openalex.org/W2290241905","https://openalex.org/W2310043981","https://openalex.org/W2313104247","https://openalex.org/W2335048078","https://openalex.org/W2408498580","https://openalex.org/W2475359939","https://openalex.org/W2483210101","https://openalex.org/W2514044287","https://openalex.org/W2594175775","https://openalex.org/W2603648795","https://openalex.org/W2730705402","https://openalex.org/W2767287808","https://openalex.org/W2768718807","https://openalex.org/W2901661529","https://openalex.org/W2909355096","https://openalex.org/W2966165716","https://openalex.org/W2974585993","https://openalex.org/W3121480788","https://openalex.org/W3123664776","https://openalex.org/W3123717666","https://openalex.org/W3124370751","https://openalex.org/W3125615299","https://openalex.org/W4230637740","https://openalex.org/W4237875615","https://openalex.org/W4240130425","https://openalex.org/W4245636184","https://openalex.org/W4302602685","https://openalex.org/W6642379171","https://openalex.org/W6743681256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149442321","https://openalex.org/W637403203","https://openalex.org/W4387424912","https://openalex.org/W4385221415","https://openalex.org/W2574824748","https://openalex.org/W2481338746","https://openalex.org/W4402378869","https://openalex.org/W4408036471","https://openalex.org/W2966165716","https://openalex.org/W4253100731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"capital":[1,42,113,189],"variables":[2,43,114],"(such":[3],"as":[4,46],"practical":[5],"learning,":[6],"education":[7],"and":[8,40,76,118,125,142,151,181,195],"experience)":[9],"affect":[10],"cognitive":[11],"decision":[12],"making":[13],"abilities":[14],"of":[15,36,71,88,94,111,140,157,187],"individuals":[16],"which":[17,161],"permit":[18],"them":[19],"to":[20,28,179],"identify":[21],"entrepreneurial":[22,99,122,146,163,193,196],"opportunities.":[23],"Therefore,":[24],"this":[25,174],"study":[26,57,90,106,175],"aims":[27],"establish":[29],"an":[30,131],"integrated":[31],"model":[32,96],"considering":[33,44],"the":[34,56,89,92,109,138,158],"theory":[35],"planned":[37],"behavior":[38,194],"(TPB)":[39],"human":[41,112,188],"Pakistan":[45,184],"a":[47,170],"sample,":[48],"especially":[49],"targeting":[50],"IT":[51,62,102,166,199],"major":[52,63,103,167,200],"students.":[53,104,201],"Data":[54],"for":[55,83,185],"were":[58],"collected":[59],"from":[60,65,68],"227":[61],"students":[64,168],"seven":[66],"universities":[67],"different":[69],"provinces":[70],"Pakistan.":[72],"Principal":[73],"component":[74],"analysis":[75,80],"hierarchical":[77],"multiple":[78],"regression":[79],"are":[81],"used":[82],"data":[84],"analysis.":[85],"The":[86],"findings":[87],"confirm":[91],"validity":[93],"TPB":[95,116],"in":[97,144,183],"predicting":[98,145],"intentions":[100,147,164,197],"among":[101,165,198],"This":[105,154],"further":[107],"confirms":[108],"effect":[110],"within":[115],"framework":[117],"demonstrates":[119],"that":[120],"prior":[121,126],"exposure":[123,128],"(PEE)":[124],"familial":[127],"(PFE)":[129],"have":[130],"impact":[132],"on":[133,192],"attitude":[134],"towards":[135],"entrepreneurship.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137,173],"relationship":[139],"PEE":[141],"PFE":[143],"was":[148],"found":[149],"insignificant":[150],"significant":[152],"respectively.":[153],"is":[155],"one":[156],"first":[159],"studies":[160],"explore":[162],"regarding":[169],"developing":[171],"country.":[172],"provides":[176],"valuable":[177],"insights":[178],"practitioners":[180],"educators":[182],"consideration":[186],"variables\u2019":[190],"influence":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}