{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990175102","doi":null,"title":"Between Child Soldiers and Terrorists: Reintegrating Child Members of the Islamic State","display_name":"Between Child Soldiers and Terrorists: Reintegrating Child Members of the Islamic State","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990175102","mag":"2990175102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2990175102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/251/173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737711747","display_name":"Journal for deradicalization","issn_l":"2363-9849","issn":["2363-9849"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313871","host_organization_name":"Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal for deradicalization","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/251/173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080694388","display_name":"Aleksandar Pa\u0161agi\u0107","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandar Pa\u0161agi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kamgrad Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kamgrad Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080694388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89721369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"20","first_page":"109","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-soldiers","display_name":"child soldiers","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-state","display_name":"Islamic State","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-recruitment","display_name":"child recruitment","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoctrination","display_name":"indoctrination","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deradicalization","display_name":"deradicalization","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-programs","display_name":"rehabilitation programs","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremist-ideology","display_name":"ideological extremism","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syria","display_name":"Syria","score":0.9800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778582213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375159","display_name":"Indoctrination","level":4,"score":0.8945722579956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.8148057460784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.7479724287986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6036692261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.5334779024124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.47561198472976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47069644927978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992146600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"State security","level":3,"score":0.4528265595436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42292681336402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3416483","display_name":"Radicalization","level":3,"score":0.41240397095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4003676474094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36955392360687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.22950908541679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11735451221466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09149494767189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2990175102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/251/173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737711747","display_name":"Journal for deradicalization","issn_l":"2363-9849","issn":["2363-9849"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313871","host_organization_name":"Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal for deradicalization","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2990175102","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sfu.ca/jd/index.php/jd/article/download/251/173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737711747","display_name":"Journal for deradicalization","issn_l":"2363-9849","issn":["2363-9849"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313871","host_organization_name":"Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Daniel Koehler, Christine Hutzel"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal for deradicalization","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9358000159263611,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23918839","https://openalex.org/W216138140","https://openalex.org/W1518797420","https://openalex.org/W1547838594","https://openalex.org/W1668094325","https://openalex.org/W1843099597","https://openalex.org/W1983068409","https://openalex.org/W1983516426","https://openalex.org/W1996370026","https://openalex.org/W2004277450","https://openalex.org/W2018730173","https://openalex.org/W2029800815","https://openalex.org/W2031225790","https://openalex.org/W2036035955","https://openalex.org/W2036292808","https://openalex.org/W2064587022","https://openalex.org/W2066068071","https://openalex.org/W2066761422","https://openalex.org/W2074826167","https://openalex.org/W2076171639","https://openalex.org/W2076320003","https://openalex.org/W2083169578","https://openalex.org/W2089695925","https://openalex.org/W2092116510","https://openalex.org/W2113063442","https://openalex.org/W2120292803","https://openalex.org/W2128372314","https://openalex.org/W2130947673","https://openalex.org/W2131029305","https://openalex.org/W2156626678","https://openalex.org/W2164484568","https://openalex.org/W2168128763","https://openalex.org/W2211870686","https://openalex.org/W2283645221","https://openalex.org/W2287035638","https://openalex.org/W2471527226","https://openalex.org/W2473137017","https://openalex.org/W2476614057","https://openalex.org/W2547460178","https://openalex.org/W2554606263","https://openalex.org/W2559748659","https://openalex.org/W2738104362","https://openalex.org/W2787968167","https://openalex.org/W2889290306","https://openalex.org/W2896672699","https://openalex.org/W2947563323","https://openalex.org/W2981027626","https://openalex.org/W2984840719","https://openalex.org/W3139571193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110756164","https://openalex.org/W4406938716","https://openalex.org/W4239264609","https://openalex.org/W2787968167","https://openalex.org/W3116386994","https://openalex.org/W4386835219","https://openalex.org/W2786501331","https://openalex.org/W2476614057","https://openalex.org/W2591070538","https://openalex.org/W4399263518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"parts":[1],"of":[2,5,28,44,103,114,165],"the":[3,8,14,34,41,58,82,84],"Republic":[4,11],"Iraq":[6],"and":[7,70,89,126,151,163],"Syrian":[9],"Arab":[10],"controlled":[12],"by":[13],"Islamic":[15,35,47,85],"State":[16,36,48,86],"children":[17,61,91,100],"were":[18],"subjected":[19],"to":[20,37,54,68,124,131,160],"systematic":[21],"indoctrination":[22],"into":[23,33,75],"extremist":[24],"ideologies,":[25],"with":[26],"many":[27],"them":[29],"being":[30],"actively":[31],"integrated":[32],"be":[38,96,137,158],"trained":[39,88],"as":[40,106,108,145,147],"next":[42],"generation":[43],"fighters.":[45],"As":[46],"lost":[49],"virtually":[50],"all":[51],"physical":[52],"territory":[53],"other":[55],"actors":[56],"in":[57,112,122],"region,":[59],"these":[60,99],"will":[62],"present":[63],"a":[64],"serious":[65],"long-term":[66],"threat":[67],"security":[69],"stability":[71],"unless":[72],"successfully":[73],"reintegrated":[74],"functioning":[76],"communities.":[77],"When":[78],"available":[79],"data":[80],"on":[81],"way":[83],"recruited,":[87],"indoctrinated":[90],"is":[92],"examined,":[93],"it":[94],"can":[95],"seen":[97],"that":[98],"exhibit":[101],"characteristics":[102],"child":[104,141],"soldiers":[105],"well":[107,146],"those":[109],"usually":[110],"found":[111],"members":[113],"terrorist":[115,149],"organizations.":[116],"This":[117],"paper":[118],"therefore":[119],"argues":[120],"that,":[121],"order":[123],"devise":[125],"implement":[127],"an":[128],"optimal":[129],"approach":[130],"their":[132],"reintegration,":[133],"relevant":[134],"lessons":[135,155],"should":[136,156],"drawn":[138],"both":[139],"from":[140,148],"soldier":[142],"reintegration":[143],"initiatives":[144],"deradicalization":[150],"rehabilitation":[152],"programs.":[153],"Those":[154],"then":[157],"adapted":[159],"specific":[161],"requirements":[162],"constraints":[164],"this":[166],"particular":[167],"case.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}