{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990161591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","title":"Social relationships and the association of loneliness with major depressive disorder in the Ibadan study of aging","display_name":"Social relationships and the association of loneliness with major depressive disorder in the Ibadan study of aging","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990161591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","mag":"2990161591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183059","display_name":"World Social Psychiatry","issn_l":"2667-1077","issn":["2667-1077","2667-1085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Social Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021449162","display_name":"Oye Gureje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139727","display_name":"World Health Organization - Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4mhk58","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210139727","https://openalex.org/I4210139943"]}],"countries":["NG","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oye Gureje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa","Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Ibadan, Nigeria","Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Substance Abuse, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081090302","display_name":"Akin Ojagbemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7612-8017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7612-8017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akin Ojagbemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Old Age Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Old Age Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021449162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322","https://openalex.org/I4210139727"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83138173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8999000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.08429999649524689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14313","display_name":"Health and Well-being Studies","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loneliness","display_name":"loneliness","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geriatric-depression","display_name":"geriatric depression","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-engagement","display_name":"social engagement","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-isolation","display_name":"social isolation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-relationships","display_name":"interpersonal relationships","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation","display_name":"mediation","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779998236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270","display_name":"Loneliness","level":2,"score":0.9764223098754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778765","display_name":"Social isolation","level":2,"score":0.6497563719749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5675584077835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.514922022819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49117133021354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4872387945652008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.46890226006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45698100328445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4558204412460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.42486798763275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.41615164279937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9701087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283504","display_name":"Social engagement","level":2,"score":0.410910964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.39063453674316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3800951838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32487326860427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.09267979860305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07337483763694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0690123438835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wsp.wsp_6_19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183059","display_name":"World Social Psychiatry","issn_l":"2667-1077","issn":["2667-1077","2667-1085"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Social Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174299725","https://openalex.org/W1579590134","https://openalex.org/W1999366493","https://openalex.org/W2004761428","https://openalex.org/W2029943398","https://openalex.org/W2031806192","https://openalex.org/W2035602559","https://openalex.org/W2046141868","https://openalex.org/W2050838815","https://openalex.org/W2058764091","https://openalex.org/W2060161657","https://openalex.org/W2074878422","https://openalex.org/W2086463261","https://openalex.org/W2087320322","https://openalex.org/W2088128065","https://openalex.org/W2098003297","https://openalex.org/W2106422213","https://openalex.org/W2112519660","https://openalex.org/W2115609473","https://openalex.org/W2130499727","https://openalex.org/W2131334268","https://openalex.org/W2131374070","https://openalex.org/W2134664900","https://openalex.org/W2135570695","https://openalex.org/W2162066293","https://openalex.org/W2163380041","https://openalex.org/W2168289525","https://openalex.org/W2290534449","https://openalex.org/W2409883226","https://openalex.org/W2522293191","https://openalex.org/W2584117699","https://openalex.org/W2755781951","https://openalex.org/W2781654595","https://openalex.org/W2788637909","https://openalex.org/W2789592721","https://openalex.org/W2795975415","https://openalex.org/W2809640569","https://openalex.org/W2912540634","https://openalex.org/W3119595514","https://openalex.org/W4243663932","https://openalex.org/W4253961810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094352863","https://openalex.org/W4413304828","https://openalex.org/W2900335053","https://openalex.org/W2904777777","https://openalex.org/W1605274959","https://openalex.org/W2058764091","https://openalex.org/W4391764292","https://openalex.org/W1577892932","https://openalex.org/W4399920135","https://openalex.org/W4322123827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Socially":[1],"disaffiliated":[2],"elderly":[3],"Nigerians":[4],"are":[5],"at":[6,61],"higher":[7],"risk":[8],"for":[9,187],"major":[10],"depressive":[11],"disorder":[12],"(MDD).":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,179],"unclear":[16],"whether":[17],"subjective":[18],"experience":[19],"of":[20,33,59,149,153,170,207],"loneliness":[21,54,121,154,171,188,202],"has":[22],"independent":[23,147],"association":[24,152,169],"with":[25,47,155,172],"MDD.":[26],"Methods:":[27],"A":[28],"household":[29],"multistage":[30],"probability":[31],"sample":[32,178],"persons":[34],"who":[35],"were":[36,72,97,103,146],"65":[37],"years":[38],"or":[39],"older":[40],"was":[41,157],"drawn":[42],"from":[43],"a":[44],"geographical":[45],"area":[46],"approximately":[48],"25":[49],"million":[50],"population.":[51],"We":[52],"measured":[53],"using":[55,74],"the":[56,75,151,205],"three-item":[57],"University":[58],"California":[60],"Los":[62],"Angeles":[63],"scale.":[64],"Poor":[65],"social":[66,68,109,115,136,165,184,191],"engagement,":[67],"isolation,":[69],"and":[70,84,114,134,194,203],"MDD":[71,156],"assessed":[73],"World":[76],"Health":[77],"Organization":[78],"(WHO)":[79],"Disability":[80],"Assessment":[81],"Schedule":[82],"II":[83],"Composite":[85],"International":[86],"Diagnostic":[87],"Interview":[88],"(WHO),":[89],"respectively.":[90],"Results:":[91],"Of":[92],"1704":[93],"respondents,":[94],"179":[95],"(16.7%)":[96],"classified":[98],"as":[99],"lonely.":[100],"Lonely":[101],"respondents":[102],"more":[104],"likely":[105],"to":[106,200],"have":[107],"poor":[108,135,164,183],"engagement":[110,137],"(P":[111,117],"<":[112,118],"0.001)":[113],"isolation":[116],"0.001).":[119],"While":[120],"(adjusted":[122,138],"odds":[123],"ratio":[124],"[OR]":[125],"=":[126,132,140,144],"2.3,":[127],"95%":[128,142],"confidence":[129],"interval":[130],"[CI]":[131],"1.3\u20134.0)":[133],"OR":[139],"3.1,":[141],"CI":[143],"1.6\u20136.1)":[145],"correlates":[148],"MDD,":[150],"substantially,":[158],"but":[159],"not":[160],"totally,":[161],"mediated":[162],"by":[163,182],"engagement.":[166,185],"Conclusion:":[167],"The":[168],"late-life":[173,208],"depression":[174,209],"in":[175,210],"this":[176],"African":[177],"partly":[180],"explained":[181],"Interventions":[186],"based":[189],"on":[190],"activity":[192],"schedules":[193],"networking":[195],"programs":[196],"can":[197],"be":[198],"adapted":[199],"reduce":[201],"lower":[204],"burden":[206],"Africans.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00"}
