{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989190842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","title":"The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System","display_name":"The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989190842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","mag":"2989190842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.84947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/66090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prosthesis","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237422649","display_name":"Prosthesis"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/66090","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083350288","display_name":"Edward Bloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-3258","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-3258"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Bloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences , University College London , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences , University College London , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052578273","display_name":"Lyndon da Cruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-6354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-6354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyndon da Cruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences , University College London , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences , University College London , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083350288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1756,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95458758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argus-ii","display_name":"Argus II","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-prostheses","display_name":"retinal prosthesis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-prosthesis","display_name":"visual prosthesis","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptor-replacement","display_name":"photoreceptor replacement","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-degeneration","display_name":"retinal degeneration","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-function-outcomes","display_name":"visual function outcomes","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-recognition","display_name":"object recognition","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/letter-reading","display_name":"letter reading","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation-and-mobility","display_name":"orientation and mobility","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-approval","display_name":"regulatory approval","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540043","display_name":"Visual prosthesis","level":3,"score":0.8966240882873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3622471","display_name":"Argus","level":2,"score":0.8722193241119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908752955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540043","display_name":"Retinal Prosthesis","level":3,"score":0.817417562007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.687524676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158383150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3149439","display_name":"Retinal implant","level":3,"score":0.551406741142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3573434352874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.35058531165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30678296089172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.21091312170028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19082355499267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.84947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/66090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prosthesis","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10076469","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10076469/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Vinjamuri, R, (ed.) Prosthesis [Working Title]. IntechOpen: London, UK. (2019)","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:intechopen.com:66090","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/the-argus-ii-retinal-prosthesis-system","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401291","display_name":"Contact-less Assessment of In-vivo Body Signals Using Microwave Doppler Radar (InTech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210154139","host_organization_name":"Intech (Slovakia)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/66090","raw_type":"4"},{"id":"mag:2989190842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10076469/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5772/intechopen.84947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84947","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/66090","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463448","display_name":"IntechOpen eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322558","host_organization_name":"IntechOpen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IntechOpen"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Prosthesis","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989190842.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989190842.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119689206","https://openalex.org/W818658543","https://openalex.org/W1176980761","https://openalex.org/W1536539980","https://openalex.org/W1557208597","https://openalex.org/W1570757432","https://openalex.org/W1612390345","https://openalex.org/W1625106747","https://openalex.org/W1736782438","https://openalex.org/W1912107527","https://openalex.org/W1964602001","https://openalex.org/W1966794568","https://openalex.org/W1968567458","https://openalex.org/W1973777961","https://openalex.org/W1974415263","https://openalex.org/W1978034208","https://openalex.org/W1980429584","https://openalex.org/W2000021893","https://openalex.org/W2005321551","https://openalex.org/W2007409841","https://openalex.org/W2015162777","https://openalex.org/W2016017126","https://openalex.org/W2016247051","https://openalex.org/W2024323852","https://openalex.org/W2034475751","https://openalex.org/W2035742535","https://openalex.org/W2036383128","https://openalex.org/W2046254084","https://openalex.org/W2058319502","https://openalex.org/W2065435734","https://openalex.org/W2066315159","https://openalex.org/W2069903330","https://openalex.org/W2070162220","https://openalex.org/W2071310565","https://openalex.org/W2081753030","https://openalex.org/W2085039801","https://openalex.org/W2095891880","https://openalex.org/W2097308611","https://openalex.org/W2100612658","https://openalex.org/W2102165670","https://openalex.org/W2107454866","https://openalex.org/W2109006034","https://openalex.org/W2121963763","https://openalex.org/W2126115955","https://openalex.org/W2127137933","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2130613112","https://openalex.org/W2130670531","https://openalex.org/W2131773286","https://openalex.org/W2135120979","https://openalex.org/W2138176296","https://openalex.org/W2138387337","https://openalex.org/W2139186810","https://openalex.org/W2145592817","https://openalex.org/W2146199250","https://openalex.org/W2149796318","https://openalex.org/W2150026897","https://openalex.org/W2150645972","https://openalex.org/W2155668458","https://openalex.org/W2158256695","https://openalex.org/W2158326388","https://openalex.org/W2160226180","https://openalex.org/W2163749092","https://openalex.org/W2167809348","https://openalex.org/W2171197636","https://openalex.org/W2171460754","https://openalex.org/W2206027413","https://openalex.org/W2255805712","https://openalex.org/W2322663331","https://openalex.org/W2476154117","https://openalex.org/W2479916882","https://openalex.org/W2525947460","https://openalex.org/W2549197590","https://openalex.org/W2553002363","https://openalex.org/W2554531067","https://openalex.org/W2554626514","https://openalex.org/W2591726587","https://openalex.org/W2738256613","https://openalex.org/W2739063711","https://openalex.org/W2748114767","https://openalex.org/W2791013442","https://openalex.org/W2793515087","https://openalex.org/W2890167217","https://openalex.org/W2950139901","https://openalex.org/W2993362849","https://openalex.org/W3087139503","https://openalex.org/W3116583409","https://openalex.org/W4211099883","https://openalex.org/W4253892072","https://openalex.org/W4254199740","https://openalex.org/W4256101427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557077621","https://openalex.org/W2027547973","https://openalex.org/W3029931442","https://openalex.org/W2187767169","https://openalex.org/W2760924740","https://openalex.org/W1984532536","https://openalex.org/W1983632939","https://openalex.org/W3095611740","https://openalex.org/W2794200130","https://openalex.org/W2606301699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,57],"field":[1],"of":[2,28,42,65,92,102,130,133,152,158],"retinal":[3,36,84,121,135],"prosthetics":[4],"has":[5],"seen":[6],"significant":[7],"advances":[8],"in":[9,52,67,75,99],"the":[10,40,55,63,117,131,138,141,153],"past":[11],"3":[12],"decades.":[13],"Encouraging":[14],"results":[15,139],"from":[16,87,140],"different":[17],"groups":[18],"have":[19,95],"shown":[20],"coarse":[21],"objective":[22],"functional":[23],"improvement,":[24],"using":[25],"a":[26,88,134],"range":[27],"technological":[29],"and":[30,54,111,147,155],"surgical":[31],"approaches.":[32],"Argus":[34,142],"II":[35,90,143],"prosthesis":[37],"system":[38],"was":[39],"first":[41],"its":[43],"kind":[44],"to":[45,61,82,145],"receive":[46],"regulatory":[47],"approval":[48],"for":[49],"commercial":[50],"use":[51],"Europe":[53],"USA.":[56],"device":[58,123,144],"is":[59,115],"designed":[60],"replicate":[62],"function":[64],"photoreceptors":[66],"converting":[68],"visual":[69,79,103],"information":[70],"into":[71,150],"electrical":[72],"neural":[73],"signals":[74],"patients":[76,94],"with":[77],"profound":[78],"loss":[80],"secondary":[81],"degenerative":[83],"disease.":[85],"Results":[86],"phase":[89],"study":[91],"30":[93],"demonstrated":[96],"improved":[97],"performance":[98],"basic":[100],"tests":[101],"function,":[104],"object":[105],"recognition,":[106],"letter":[107],"reading,":[108],"prehension,":[109],"orientation":[110],"mobility":[112],"tasks.":[113],"It":[114],"now":[116],"most":[118],"widely":[119],"implanted":[120],"prosthetic":[122,136],"worldwide.":[124],"This":[125],"chapter":[126],"provides":[127],"an":[128,148],"overview":[129],"requirements":[132],"system,":[137],"date,":[146],"insight":[149],"some":[151],"challenges":[154],"future":[156],"directions":[157],"visually":[159],"restorative":[160],"therapies.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
