{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987994697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","title":"Human\u2013elephant interactions in areas surrounding the Rungwa, Kizigo, and Muhesi Game Reserves, central Tanzania","display_name":"Human\u2013elephant interactions in areas surrounding the Rungwa, Kizigo, and Muhesi Game Reserves, central Tanzania","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987994697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","mag":"2987994697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s003060531800128x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F24A96A932F983E3B3494888836AC8DB/S003060531800128Xa.pdf/div-class-title-human-elephant-interactions-in-areas-surrounding-the-rungwa-kizigo-and-muhesi-game-reserves-central-tanzania-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173884034","display_name":"Oryx","issn_l":"0030-6053","issn":["0030-6053","1365-3008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oryx","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F24A96A932F983E3B3494888836AC8DB/S003060531800128Xa.pdf/div-class-title-human-elephant-interactions-in-areas-surrounding-the-rungwa-kizigo-and-muhesi-game-reserves-central-tanzania-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084731104","display_name":"Kwaslema Malle Hariohay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-6985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-6985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13751521","display_name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04sv7km52","country_code":"TZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13751521","https://openalex.org/I4210090898"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwaslema Malle Hariohay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13751521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045726461","display_name":"Wilbright Abraham Munuo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilbright Abraham Munuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["AfricanBioServices, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, No-7491, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AfricanBioServices, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, No-7491, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088473543","display_name":"Eivin R\u00f8skaft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-8443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-8443","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-2921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eivin R\u00f8skaft","raw_affiliation_strings":["AfricanBioServices, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, No-7491, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-8443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AfricanBioServices, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, No-7491, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088473543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"fwci":1.5293,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80292057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"5","first_page":"612","last_page":"620"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-elephant-conflict","display_name":"human-elephant conflict","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-damage","display_name":"crop damage","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elephants","display_name":"elephants","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-mitigation","display_name":"conflict mitigation","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6384349465370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.592221736907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5783893465995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53571324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179049","display_name":"Nature reserve","level":2,"score":0.5208402276039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.48626482486724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.4108280837535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.405489444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.4019640386104584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3157559633255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.27405112981796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22996389865875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15567445755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1220293641090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.0732441246509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s003060531800128x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F24A96A932F983E3B3494888836AC8DB/S003060531800128Xa.pdf/div-class-title-human-elephant-interactions-in-areas-surrounding-the-rungwa-kizigo-and-muhesi-game-reserves-central-tanzania-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173884034","display_name":"Oryx","issn_l":"0030-6053","issn":["0030-6053","1365-3008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oryx","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2636900","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s003060531800128x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800128x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F24A96A932F983E3B3494888836AC8DB/S003060531800128Xa.pdf/div-class-title-human-elephant-interactions-in-areas-surrounding-the-rungwa-kizigo-and-muhesi-game-reserves-central-tanzania-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173884034","display_name":"Oryx","issn_l":"0030-6053","issn":["0030-6053","1365-3008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oryx","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323503","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/00ezwn594"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2987994697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2987994697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496684753","https://openalex.org/W1537756242","https://openalex.org/W1543529592","https://openalex.org/W1558449363","https://openalex.org/W1599774932","https://openalex.org/W1988401728","https://openalex.org/W2016358481","https://openalex.org/W2062937699","https://openalex.org/W2072239871","https://openalex.org/W2073941674","https://openalex.org/W2085625211","https://openalex.org/W2093055946","https://openalex.org/W2106203882","https://openalex.org/W2106566398","https://openalex.org/W2110070520","https://openalex.org/W2121486218","https://openalex.org/W2123516322","https://openalex.org/W2127312697","https://openalex.org/W2128387589","https://openalex.org/W2139438318","https://openalex.org/W2139810297","https://openalex.org/W2139961640","https://openalex.org/W2153083788","https://openalex.org/W2155298835","https://openalex.org/W2160218347","https://openalex.org/W2177602542","https://openalex.org/W2280613006","https://openalex.org/W2464993733","https://openalex.org/W2511548117","https://openalex.org/W2518566825","https://openalex.org/W2588608361","https://openalex.org/W2767560737","https://openalex.org/W2847267209","https://openalex.org/W2889366632","https://openalex.org/W2907908522","https://openalex.org/W2909606515","https://openalex.org/W2911878169","https://openalex.org/W4246552627","https://openalex.org/W6672036245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285491300","https://openalex.org/W3098740412","https://openalex.org/W2123724024","https://openalex.org/W2951489701","https://openalex.org/W259784344","https://openalex.org/W2003286173","https://openalex.org/W1558449363","https://openalex.org/W3108440028","https://openalex.org/W2113659944","https://openalex.org/W650905901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"assesses":[3],"the":[4,17,69,112,117,121,148,174],"patterns":[5],"of":[6,37,111,120],"crop":[7,62,94,156,203],"damage":[8,95],"by":[9,75,145],"elephants":[10,153,189],"Loxodonta":[11],"africana":[12],"in":[13,24,48,116],"areas":[14,167],"adjacent":[15],"to":[16,31,131,151,187,200,205],"Rungwa,":[18],"Kizigo":[19],"and":[20,79,102,143,193],"Muhesi":[21],"Game":[22],"Reserves":[23],"Tanzania.":[25],"We":[26,158],"used":[27,150],"a":[28,35,56,91],"questionnaire":[29],"survey":[30],"collect":[32],"data":[33],"from":[34,41,68,90,154,173,190],"total":[36],"210":[38],"household":[39,46],"heads":[40,47],"seven":[42],"villages,":[43],"with":[44,61],"30":[45],"each":[49],"village,":[50],"during":[51],"June\u2013August":[52],"2015.":[53],"Proximity":[54],"was":[55],"significant":[57],"factor":[58],"influencing":[59],"losses,":[60,73],"farms":[63],"within":[64,98],"<":[65,87,170],"1":[66,88,171],"km":[67,78,82,89,100,105,172],"reserves":[70,165],"having":[71],"higher":[72,128],"followed":[74],"those":[76,97],"1\u20135":[77,99],">":[80,103],"5":[81,104],"distant.":[83],"Most":[84,110],"households":[85],"(81.0%)":[86],"reserve":[92,175],"reported":[93,107,127],"whereas":[96],"(65.9%)":[101],"(20.0%)":[106],"less":[108],"damage.":[109],"losses":[113,130,204],"(79.8%)":[114],"occurred":[115],"first":[118],"half":[119],"year":[122],"(the":[123],"wet":[124],"season).":[125],"Immigrants":[126],"average":[129],"crops":[132,178],"than":[133],"Indigenous":[134],"respondents.":[135],"Noise":[136],"making,":[137],"flashlights,":[138],"setting":[139],"fire":[140],"around":[141,162],"fields":[142],"disturbance":[144],"shooting":[146],"were":[147],"methods":[149],"deter":[152,188],"entering":[155],"fields.":[157],"recommend":[159],"that":[160,168],"communities":[161],"these":[163],"game":[164],"avoid":[166],"are":[169],"boundary,":[176],"plant":[177],"such":[179],"as":[180],"chilli,":[181],"use":[182],"honeybee":[183],"Apis":[184],"mellifera":[185],"fences":[186],"their":[191],"crops,":[192],"receive":[194],"education":[195],"on":[196],"available":[197],"mitigation":[198],"methods,":[199],"help":[201],"minimize":[202],"elephants.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
