{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986745786","doi":null,"title":"Design and characterization of a miniature photobioreactor for microalgae culture","display_name":"Design and characterization of a miniature photobioreactor for microalgae culture","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986745786","mag":"2986745786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10071296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10071296/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029377523","display_name":"TV Agbebi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"TV Agbebi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029377523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.7544000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.7544000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10864","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","score":0.24500000476837158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae-cultivation","display_name":"microalgae cultivation","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-column","display_name":"bubble column","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-transfer-coefficient","display_name":"mass transfer coefficient","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorella-sorokiniana","display_name":"Chlorella sorokiniana","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixotrophic-cultivation","display_name":"mixotrophic cultivation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterotrophic-culture","display_name":"heterotrophic culture","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/led-light","display_name":"LED light","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation-rate","display_name":"evaporation rate","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-flow-rate","display_name":"gas flow rate","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-yield","display_name":"biomass yield","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-up","display_name":"scale-up","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreactor-design","display_name":"bioreactor design","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910837","display_name":"Photobioreactor","level":3,"score":0.9746743440628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779593757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256905","display_name":"Airlift","level":3,"score":0.8724201917648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.7602757215499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6147136688232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5159507393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194832619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002145","display_name":"Fluidization","level":3,"score":0.5049806237220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.47812286019325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2084832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666694","display_name":"Fluidized bed","level":2,"score":0.41823506355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3642047643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168170006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699","display_name":"Bioreactor","level":2,"score":0.3588152527809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3469748795032501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33726558089256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33195140957832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3272770643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2822597622871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20058289170265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.19788199663162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19204965233802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11384502053260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.10098859667778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10071296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10071296/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2986745786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10071296/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306519268","display_name":"Masters thesis, UCL (University College London).","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41233510","https://openalex.org/W646694064","https://openalex.org/W773381234","https://openalex.org/W1505698969","https://openalex.org/W1525435135","https://openalex.org/W1529098732","https://openalex.org/W1560622746","https://openalex.org/W1846547318","https://openalex.org/W1971787483","https://openalex.org/W1976858945","https://openalex.org/W1984801662","https://openalex.org/W1985022395","https://openalex.org/W1985209886","https://openalex.org/W1986118925","https://openalex.org/W1988008273","https://openalex.org/W1988950403","https://openalex.org/W1993697391","https://openalex.org/W2001522627","https://openalex.org/W2009655259","https://openalex.org/W2010948143","https://openalex.org/W2011520587","https://openalex.org/W2012124331","https://openalex.org/W2013800687","https://openalex.org/W2021429484","https://openalex.org/W2021943068","https://openalex.org/W2023568269","https://openalex.org/W2023961389","https://openalex.org/W2024213721","https://openalex.org/W2032761333","https://openalex.org/W2035429390","https://openalex.org/W2035953353","https://openalex.org/W2036562543","https://openalex.org/W2040026440","https://openalex.org/W2040772742","https://openalex.org/W2046903500","https://openalex.org/W2047281856","https://openalex.org/W2054401009","https://openalex.org/W2056935326","https://openalex.org/W2073618059","https://openalex.org/W2080104610","https://openalex.org/W2081696259","https://openalex.org/W2085435308","https://openalex.org/W2086272568","https://openalex.org/W2087642114","https://openalex.org/W2090767144","https://openalex.org/W2092921932","https://openalex.org/W2094064759","https://openalex.org/W2094825929","https://openalex.org/W2101451482","https://openalex.org/W2101591208","https://openalex.org/W2106209728","https://openalex.org/W2108059426","https://openalex.org/W2110149607","https://openalex.org/W2118893427","https://openalex.org/W2118982519","https://openalex.org/W2122983404","https://openalex.org/W2131417207","https://openalex.org/W2133574746","https://openalex.org/W2146162973","https://openalex.org/W2146398804","https://openalex.org/W2146964472","https://openalex.org/W2147079538","https://openalex.org/W2149816826","https://openalex.org/W2151972396","https://openalex.org/W2153400442","https://openalex.org/W2155899986","https://openalex.org/W2159734753","https://openalex.org/W2164780455","https://openalex.org/W2165955650","https://openalex.org/W2181933992","https://openalex.org/W2276058309","https://openalex.org/W2278357756","https://openalex.org/W2299218152","https://openalex.org/W2302349627","https://openalex.org/W2303647691","https://openalex.org/W2472800466","https://openalex.org/W2492172188","https://openalex.org/W2515376157","https://openalex.org/W2733882468","https://openalex.org/W2767545865","https://openalex.org/W4231940725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1035665615","https://openalex.org/W773381234","https://openalex.org/W7002282653","https://openalex.org/W3151156523","https://openalex.org/W4390908235","https://openalex.org/W2018152348","https://openalex.org/W4399275461","https://openalex.org/W1509432874","https://openalex.org/W2007115291","https://openalex.org/W52459032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microalgae":[0],"process":[1,409],"design":[2,45,70,85,456],"involves":[3],"several":[4],"interacting":[5,35],"variables":[6],"which":[7,73],"need":[8],"to":[9,69,83,227,320,341,380,429,447,487],"be":[10,57,372],"evaluated":[11],"and":[12,37,46,61,86,97,116,266,306,334,345,369,394,435,440,465,516,523],"optimised":[13,373],"for":[14,30,59,354,362,513,521],"maximal":[15],"product":[16],"yield.":[17],"To":[18],"optimise":[19],"the":[20,34,44,84,122,152,165,170,176,185,202,210,231,245,257,260,277,295,315,321,324,327,338,359,366,381,402,417,470,479,491,497,506],"microalgae":[21,63,520],"culture":[22,26,36,268,279,293,467,518],"process,":[23],"high":[24,436],"through-put":[25],"systems":[27],"are":[28,469],"required":[29],"early-stage":[31,408],"investigation":[32],"of":[33,49,88,121,140,160,164,192,235,249,273,285,299,326,383,401,404,416,427,438,450,457,519],"operating":[38],"parameters.":[39],"This":[40,81,378],"work":[41],"focuses":[42],"on":[43],"engineering":[47],"evaluation":[48,400,526],"a":[50,71,75,89,136,196,283,384,389,455,511],"miniature":[51],"pneumatic":[52,78],"photobioreactor":[53,79],"(mPBR)":[54],"that":[55,120,169,256,462,474],"can":[56],"adapted":[58],"heterotrophic":[60],"phototrophic":[62,267,292],"cultivation.":[64],"The":[65,101,309],"initial":[66,466,483],"objective":[67],"was":[68,125,129,146,216,242,280,318,397,412,508],"mPBR":[72,507],"mimics":[74],"conventional":[76],"largescale":[77],"(PBR).":[80],"led":[82,340,379,486],"fabrication":[87],"prototype":[90],"6-well":[91],"mPBR,":[92],"with":[93,107,135,155,175,201],"four":[94,102],"bubble":[95,103,173,199,367],"columns":[96,104],"two":[98,108,471],"airlift":[99,123],"columns.":[100],"were":[105,445],"\ufb01tted":[106],"different":[109,166],"size":[110,159,368],"(diameter)":[111],"sintered":[112,153,178,204,316,328],"disc":[113,154,179,205],"spargers":[114],"(5":[115],"12":[117,182],"mm),":[118,208],"while":[119,195,230,291,330],"(ALR)":[124],"8":[126],"mm.":[127],"Light":[128],"supplied":[130],"by":[131,148,414,422],"cool":[132],"LED":[133],"light":[134,138,463],"maximum":[137],"intensity":[139,464],"200":[141,303],"\u00b5mol":[142],"m\u22122":[143],"s\u22121.":[144],"Mixing":[145,214],"provided":[147,351],"bubbling":[149],"gas":[150,332,343],"through":[151],"an":[156,375],"average":[157],"pore":[158],"13":[161],"\u00b5m.":[162],"Comparison":[163],"con\ufb01gurations":[167],"shows":[168],"\ufb02at":[171],"based":[172,198],"column":[174,200],"largest":[177],"well":[180],"(FBC,":[181],"mm)":[183],"had":[184,209,259,294],"highest":[186,270,288,296],"mass":[187,347],"transfer":[188],"coef\ufb01cient":[189],"(kLa)":[190],"values":[191],"196":[193],"h\u22121,":[194],"pyramidal":[197],"smallest":[203],"(PBC,":[206],"5":[207,219],"lowest":[211,232],"kLa":[212],"values.":[213],"time":[215],"generally":[217],"under":[218],"seconds":[220],"using":[221,374,454],"\ufb02ow":[222],"rate":[223,234],"from":[224],"0.6":[225,307],"Lh\u22121":[226],"2.4":[228],"Lh\u22121,":[229],"evaporation":[233],"16":[236],"%":[237,431],"(v/v)":[238],"loss":[239],"over":[240],"5days":[241],"observed":[243],"in":[244,252,263,276,311,314,323,337,358,478,482,490],"PBC.":[246],"Further":[247,399],"characterisation":[248],"Chlorella":[250],"sorokiniana":[251,356],"them":[253,405],"PBR":[254,406],"showed":[255,461],"FBC":[258],"best":[261],"performance":[262,313],"both":[264],"mixotrophic":[265,278,517],"i.e.":[269],"biomass":[271,297,476,493],"concentration":[272,298,477,485,494,500],"1.20":[274],"gL\u22121":[275,301],"obtained":[281,444],"at":[282,302,527],"\ufb02owrate":[284,289],"1.8Lh\u22121":[286],"(the":[287],"used),":[290],"1.5":[300],"\u00b5molm\u22122":[304],"s\u22121":[305],"Lh\u22121.":[308],"difference":[310,322],"growth":[312,357,364,452],"disc-mPBRs":[317],"attributed":[319],"diameter":[325],"disc:":[329],"smaller":[331],"fraction":[333],"bigger":[335],"bubbles":[336],"PBC":[339],"reduced":[342],"hold-up":[344],"lower":[346],"transfer,":[348],"it,":[349],"however,":[350],"optimal":[352,363],"condition":[353],"C.":[355],"reactor.":[360],"Hence":[361],"performance,":[365],"velocity":[370],"must":[371],"appropriate":[376],"sparger.":[377],"use":[382],"single":[385],"ori\ufb01ce":[386],"sparger;":[387],"where":[388,501],"higher":[390],"biomass,":[391],"less":[392],"evaporation,":[393],"better":[395],"reproducibility":[396],"observed.":[398],"potential":[403],"as":[407,510],"development":[410],"tool":[411,512],"done":[413],"determination":[415],"total":[418],"lipid":[419],"content":[420,426],"followed":[421],"FAME":[423],"analysis.":[424],"Lipid":[425],"up":[428,495],"35.86":[430],"(WW":[432],"\u22121)":[433],"DCW":[434],"composition":[437],"C16":[439],"C18":[441],"fatty":[442],"acids":[443],"comparable":[446],"literature.":[448],"Evaluation":[449],"critical":[451,498],"parameters":[453],"experiment":[458],"(DoE)":[459],"approach,":[460],"density":[468],"main":[472],"factors":[473],"affects":[475],"mPBR.":[480],"Increase":[481],"nitrogen":[484,499],"corresponding":[488],"increase":[489],"\ufb01nal":[492],"till":[496],"it":[502],"became":[503],"inhibitory.":[504],"Overall,":[505],"established":[509],"phototrophic,":[514],"heterotrophic,":[515],"rapid":[522],"early":[524],"stage":[525],"small":[528],"scale.":[529]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}