{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2985642850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","title":"CHARACTERISTICS, DETECTION AND TYPING METHODS OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (CA-MRSA) \u2013 A REVIEW","display_name":"CHARACTERISTICS, DETECTION AND TYPING METHODS OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (CA-MRSA) \u2013 A REVIEW","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2985642850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","mag":"2985642850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","pdf_url":"http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/download/231/60","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918870","display_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","issn_l":"1675-0306","issn":["1675-0306","2590-3829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/download/231/60","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052144544","display_name":"Lia Natasha Amit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lia Natasha Amit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fong Siew Moy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fong Siew Moy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infection Control Unit, Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-Kanak Sabah, KarungBerkunci 187, 88996, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infection Control Unit, Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-Kanak Sabah, KarungBerkunci 187, 88996, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091355060","display_name":"Daisy Vanitha John","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3240-9540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3240-9540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisy Vanitha John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30167756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"27","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11153","display_name":"Streptococcal Infections and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-associated-mrsa","display_name":"community-acquired MRSA","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panton-valentine-leukocidin","display_name":"Panton-Valentine leukocidin","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spa-typing","display_name":"spa typing","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilocus-sequence-typing","display_name":"multilocus sequence typing","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis","display_name":"pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-typing","display_name":"molecular typing","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-and-soft-tissue-infections","display_name":"skin and soft tissue infections","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-carriage","display_name":"nasal carriage","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77434933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4043440","display_name":"Multilocus sequence typing","level":4,"score":0.8584732413291931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.8115249276161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.7585705518722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777805791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16889545","display_name":"Leukocidin","level":5,"score":0.6950415968894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11701158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7389099","display_name":"SCCmec","level":5,"score":0.6808856725692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42084846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855275","display_name":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","level":4,"score":0.6485435366630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6397059559822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771378","display_name":"Anterior nares","level":5,"score":0.5608688592910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775983603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458539","display_name":"Skin infection","level":4,"score":0.4856392443180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595158","display_name":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","level":4,"score":0.45143917202949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4418310523033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42528632283210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.33505183458328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.19131895899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1834450364112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.15091630816459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.1305183470249176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","pdf_url":"http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/download/231/60","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918870","display_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","issn_l":"1675-0306","issn":["1675-0306","2590-3829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.17/no.3/art.231","pdf_url":"http://mjphm.org/index.php/mjphm/article/download/231/60","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918870","display_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","issn_l":"1675-0306","issn":["1675-0306","2590-3829"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985642850.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985642850.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84836151","https://openalex.org/W1538450015","https://openalex.org/W1693295222","https://openalex.org/W1876143642","https://openalex.org/W1918862162","https://openalex.org/W1963642555","https://openalex.org/W1964880417","https://openalex.org/W1976364116","https://openalex.org/W1996740212","https://openalex.org/W2018419849","https://openalex.org/W2022642106","https://openalex.org/W2036544384","https://openalex.org/W2046191207","https://openalex.org/W2046756294","https://openalex.org/W2048923085","https://openalex.org/W2050875329","https://openalex.org/W2051903478","https://openalex.org/W2058707277","https://openalex.org/W2092920607","https://openalex.org/W2093583435","https://openalex.org/W2093633259","https://openalex.org/W2096565388","https://openalex.org/W2098971159","https://openalex.org/W2100730220","https://openalex.org/W2111113492","https://openalex.org/W2113470060","https://openalex.org/W2133043345","https://openalex.org/W2138707478","https://openalex.org/W2142457052","https://openalex.org/W2142925977","https://openalex.org/W2148206504","https://openalex.org/W2151174719","https://openalex.org/W2152377203","https://openalex.org/W2155479295","https://openalex.org/W2156396250","https://openalex.org/W2165989668","https://openalex.org/W2491783553","https://openalex.org/W2503480903","https://openalex.org/W3022156373","https://openalex.org/W4245663047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073814427","https://openalex.org/W2051303588","https://openalex.org/W1980680747","https://openalex.org/W2125629924","https://openalex.org/W2027060331","https://openalex.org/W3028634975","https://openalex.org/W1969131999","https://openalex.org/W2898664062","https://openalex.org/W2355110859","https://openalex.org/W129648227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Staphylococcus":[0],"aureus":[1,24],"aregram":[2],"positive":[3],"cocci":[4],"which":[5],"colonizethe":[6],"skin":[7,44,90],"and":[8,45,65,122,127,136,146,174],"mucous":[9],"membranes":[10],"particularly":[11],"the":[12,68,105,112,140],"anterior":[13],"nares.":[14],"Prevalence":[15],"of":[16,43,81,107,109,151,176],"nosocomial":[17],"infections":[18,48],"associated":[19],"with":[20,86,165],"methicillin":[21],"resistant":[22],"S.":[23],"have":[25,139],"been":[26],"reported":[27],"in":[28,49,111],"hospitals":[29],"(HA-MRSA)":[30],"for":[31,60,130],"over":[32],"five":[33],"decades.":[34],"Recently,community-acquired":[35],"MRSA":[36],"(CA-MRSA)":[37],"has":[38,161],"emerged":[39],"as":[40,117,133,158],"a":[41],"cause":[42],"soft":[46],"tissue":[47],"healthy":[50],"individuals.":[51],"These":[52],"strains":[53],"are":[54],"sensitive":[55],"to":[56,67,89,103,142,167],"antimicrobials,":[57],"carry":[58],"genes":[59],"Panton-Valentine":[61],"leukocidin":[62],"(PVL)":[63],"toxin":[64],"belong":[66],"staphylococcal":[69],"cassette":[70],"chromosome":[71],"(SCC)":[72],"mec":[73],"type":[74],"IV":[75],"or":[76,91],"V.":[77],"The":[78],"suspected":[79],"mode":[80,106],"transmission":[82,108],"involves":[83],"close":[84],"contact":[85],"carriers":[87],"leading":[88],"nasal":[92],"colonization":[93],"that":[94],"resultin":[95],"subsequent":[96],"active":[97],"infection.":[98],"Molecular":[99],"typing":[100,114,125,135,138,154],"is":[101,156],"used":[102],"determine":[104],"CA-MRSA":[110],"community.General":[113],"methods":[115,129,155],"such":[116,132],"pulsed-field":[118],"gel":[119],"electrophoresis":[120],"(PFGE)":[121],"multilocus":[123],"sequence":[124],"(MLST)":[126],"specific":[128],"Staphylococci":[131],"SCCmec":[134],"spa":[137],"capability":[141],"characterize":[143],"bacterial":[144],"chromosomes":[145],"mobile":[147],"genetic":[148],"elements.":[149],"Combination":[150],"these":[152],"molecular":[153],"necessary":[157],"each":[159],"method":[160],"its":[162],"own":[163],"advantages":[164],"respect":[166],"discriminatory":[168],"power,":[169],"rapidity,":[170],"cost":[171],"effectiveness,":[172],"reproducibility,":[173],"ease":[175],"performance.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}