{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984766096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","title":"Differentiating smokers and nonsmokers based on Raman spectroscopy of oral fluid and advanced statistics for forensic applications","display_name":"Differentiating smokers and nonsmokers based on Raman spectroscopy of oral fluid and advanced statistics for forensic applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984766096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","mag":"2984766096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31702875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jbio.201960123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47864364","display_name":"Journal of Biophotonics","issn_l":"1864-063X","issn":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biophotonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005330239","display_name":"Entesar Al\u2010Hetlani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-6257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Entesar Al\u2010Hetlani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-6257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031988019","display_name":"Lenka Hal\u00e1mkov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenka Hal\u00e1mkov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080992900","display_name":"Mohamed O. Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-7746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed O. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030625987","display_name":"Igor K. Lednev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-531X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-531X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Igor K. Lednev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-531X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005330239","https://openalex.org/A5030625987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946","https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84914228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"e201960123","last_page":"e201960123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-fluid","display_name":"oral fluid","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-evidence","display_name":"forensic evidence","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm-feature-selection","display_name":"genetic algorithm feature selection","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network-classification","display_name":"artificial neural network classification","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-analysis","display_name":"non-destructive analysis","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.8246353268623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4229014217853546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4113697111606598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38127920031547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37393254041671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3664993941783905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35417234897613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3517484962940216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34920215606689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3401781916618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3288612961769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3222947418689728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.29378342628479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22067752480506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16556623578071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16053590178489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.146602064371109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000074285","descriptor_name":"Smokers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078405","descriptor_name":"Non-Smokers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001826","descriptor_name":"Body Fluids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005554","descriptor_name":"Forensic Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jbio.201960123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47864364","display_name":"Journal of Biophotonics","issn_l":"1864-063X","issn":["1864-063X","1864-0648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biophotonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31702875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31702875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biophotonics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G669046664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-R2-CX-006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Justice"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337430","display_name":"National Institute of Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8p7w89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94052953","https://openalex.org/W1581512737","https://openalex.org/W1608292140","https://openalex.org/W1787027703","https://openalex.org/W1822742915","https://openalex.org/W1963504868","https://openalex.org/W1972560941","https://openalex.org/W1976085675","https://openalex.org/W2015432825","https://openalex.org/W2027040469","https://openalex.org/W2028435326","https://openalex.org/W2030273173","https://openalex.org/W2032587960","https://openalex.org/W2034733834","https://openalex.org/W2046624437","https://openalex.org/W2058036250","https://openalex.org/W2059118850","https://openalex.org/W2064152727","https://openalex.org/W2077741772","https://openalex.org/W2083536652","https://openalex.org/W2100613946","https://openalex.org/W2102792305","https://openalex.org/W2106109979","https://openalex.org/W2110592678","https://openalex.org/W2115917579","https://openalex.org/W2132651149","https://openalex.org/W2137687977","https://openalex.org/W2163192571","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2173533727","https://openalex.org/W2203257608","https://openalex.org/W2406273144","https://openalex.org/W2465227437","https://openalex.org/W2468384853","https://openalex.org/W2509192851","https://openalex.org/W2552530019","https://openalex.org/W2562167428","https://openalex.org/W2567924423","https://openalex.org/W2735463403","https://openalex.org/W2744983412","https://openalex.org/W2750085079","https://openalex.org/W2774006004","https://openalex.org/W2793592311","https://openalex.org/W2803037779","https://openalex.org/W2809493730","https://openalex.org/W2892421788","https://openalex.org/W2910524805","https://openalex.org/W2936000281","https://openalex.org/W2972576105","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6609333418","https://openalex.org/W6634263704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169840816","https://openalex.org/W2552530019","https://openalex.org/W2465227437","https://openalex.org/W2228902402","https://openalex.org/W2601120417","https://openalex.org/W2106109979","https://openalex.org/W2066137027","https://openalex.org/W2077741772","https://openalex.org/W2031395814","https://openalex.org/W4410803468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Raman":[0,25,77],"spectroscopy":[1,26],"has":[2],"proven":[3],"to":[4,42,76,85,94],"be":[5],"a":[6,30,102],"valuable":[7],"tool":[8],"for":[9,33,126],"analyzing":[10],"various":[11],"types":[12],"of":[13,19,36,39,52,58,67,97,129,137,140],"forensic":[14],"evidence":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,29],"traces":[18,38,139],"body":[20],"fluids.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"work,":[24],"was":[27,83,105],"employed":[28],"nondestructive":[31],"technique":[32],"the":[34,50,92,95,109,127,135],"analysis":[35,136],"dry":[37,138],"oral":[40,60,141],"fluid":[41,61],"differentiate":[43],"between":[44],"smoker":[45],"and":[46,71,73,99,131],"nonsmoker":[47],"donors":[48,66],"with":[49],"aid":[51],"advanced":[53],"statistical":[54],"tools.":[55],"A":[56,80],"total":[57],"32":[59],"samples":[62],"were":[63,74],"collected":[64],"from":[65],"differing":[68],"gender,":[69],"age":[70],"race":[72],"subjected":[75],"spectroscopic":[78],"analysis.":[79],"genetic":[81],"algorithm":[82],"used":[84],"determine":[86],"eight":[87],"spectral":[88],"regions":[89],"that":[90,113],"contribute":[91],"most":[93],"differentiation":[96,128],"smokers":[98,130],"nonsmokers.":[100],"Thereafter,":[101],"classification":[103],"model":[104],"developed":[106,121],"based":[107,133],"on":[108,134],"artificial":[110],"neural":[111],"network":[112],"showed":[114],"100%":[115],"accuracy":[116],"after":[117],"external":[118],"validation.":[119],"The":[120],"approach":[122],"demonstrates":[123],"great":[124],"potential":[125],"nonsmokers":[132],"fluid.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
