{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983109767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","title":"Restorativeness in Natural and Urban Environments: A Meta-Analysis","display_name":"Restorativeness in Natural and Urban Environments: A Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983109767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","mag":"2983109767","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31694463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0033294119884063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064405767","display_name":"Elisa Menardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-2980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-2980"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Menardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-2980","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068429583","display_name":"Margherita Brondino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-1419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-1419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Brondino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066863946","display_name":"Rob Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-363X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-363X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmetrics Ltd, Pymble, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmetrics Ltd, Pymble, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083322753","display_name":"Margherita Pasini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-9656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2557-9656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Pasini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064405767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6637931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"2","first_page":"417","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12819","display_name":"Environmental Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12256","display_name":"Facilities and Workplace Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restorativeness","display_name":"restorativeness","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-environment","display_name":"natural environment","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-environment","display_name":"urban environment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-restoration","display_name":"attention restoration","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-being","display_name":"well-being","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-exposure","display_name":"nature exposure","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outdoor-environments","display_name":"outdoor environments","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-attitudes","display_name":"environmental attitudes","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.8404836058616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.748740017414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6401381492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5807833075523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5198017358779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4948713183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.49437975883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4841688275337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.45633572340011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148803439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4986688","display_name":"Built environment","level":2,"score":0.45504915714263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4190672039985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.26753559708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23056021332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18136891722679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.165307879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10684162378311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1031883955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.09071743488311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002947","descriptor_name":"Cities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006262","descriptor_name":"Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012060","descriptor_name":"Rejuvenation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055814","descriptor_name":"Wilderness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0033294119884063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119884063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147670119","display_name":"Psychological Reports","issn_l":"0033-2941","issn":["0033-2941","1558-691X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31694463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31694463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590137713","https://openalex.org/W1594790056","https://openalex.org/W1707651253","https://openalex.org/W1744548356","https://openalex.org/W1855011196","https://openalex.org/W1895054117","https://openalex.org/W1966253622","https://openalex.org/W1970454729","https://openalex.org/W1972183050","https://openalex.org/W1977048151","https://openalex.org/W1977271773","https://openalex.org/W1988913050","https://openalex.org/W1989172157","https://openalex.org/W1991863942","https://openalex.org/W2003114246","https://openalex.org/W2006641473","https://openalex.org/W2008573654","https://openalex.org/W2010881830","https://openalex.org/W2014658248","https://openalex.org/W2017174547","https://openalex.org/W2021229753","https://openalex.org/W2027532785","https://openalex.org/W2033585778","https://openalex.org/W2043285920","https://openalex.org/W2045312759","https://openalex.org/W2050480596","https://openalex.org/W2051436412","https://openalex.org/W2052467933","https://openalex.org/W2052727181","https://openalex.org/W2055123500","https://openalex.org/W2055140932","https://openalex.org/W2057307637","https://openalex.org/W2063810210","https://openalex.org/W2066643192","https://openalex.org/W2068968249","https://openalex.org/W2070841764","https://openalex.org/W2081357024","https://openalex.org/W2085876742","https://openalex.org/W2086823311","https://openalex.org/W2087865581","https://openalex.org/W2087964509","https://openalex.org/W2096173318","https://openalex.org/W2096398889","https://openalex.org/W2098944807","https://openalex.org/W2099359730","https://openalex.org/W2107264535","https://openalex.org/W2109477969","https://openalex.org/W2109747954","https://openalex.org/W2115005123","https://openalex.org/W2115180584","https://openalex.org/W2115986302","https://openalex.org/W2117390830","https://openalex.org/W2117504085","https://openalex.org/W2117859464","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2130235475","https://openalex.org/W2135839218","https://openalex.org/W2140622163","https://openalex.org/W2142842186","https://openalex.org/W2148492714","https://openalex.org/W2152498125","https://openalex.org/W2156230143","https://openalex.org/W2162129379","https://openalex.org/W2162782108","https://openalex.org/W2164323472","https://openalex.org/W2169254203","https://openalex.org/W2169368100","https://openalex.org/W2295490583","https://openalex.org/W2315123323","https://openalex.org/W2335829427","https://openalex.org/W2344518302","https://openalex.org/W2470593526","https://openalex.org/W2500538983","https://openalex.org/W2519511798","https://openalex.org/W2523007163","https://openalex.org/W2558013011","https://openalex.org/W2569236205","https://openalex.org/W2593766908","https://openalex.org/W2599125902","https://openalex.org/W2615920570","https://openalex.org/W2734437906","https://openalex.org/W2790946763","https://openalex.org/W4210511639","https://openalex.org/W4210689851","https://openalex.org/W4243314738","https://openalex.org/W4297918764","https://openalex.org/W4300870773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155064345","https://openalex.org/W2801783702","https://openalex.org/W651127877","https://openalex.org/W6979891081","https://openalex.org/W7061718273","https://openalex.org/W6887637385","https://openalex.org/W7061471134","https://openalex.org/W7061739190","https://openalex.org/W4386568137","https://openalex.org/W2169254203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"an":[6],"increasing":[7],"volume":[8],"of":[9,51,63,93,101,122,144],"research":[10,67,98],"aimed":[11,73],"out":[12],"quantifying":[13],"the":[14,18,61,91,109,113,210,254,276],"extent":[15],"to":[16,59,128,136,160,193,261,264,270],"which":[17,112],"natural":[19,35,78,102,168,173,189],"environment":[20,166],"can":[21],"assist":[22],"in":[23,111,184,256],"restoring":[24],"mental,":[25],"emotional,":[26],"and":[27,170,175,181,221,272],"physical":[28],"well-being.":[29],"It":[30],"is":[31,258],"commonly":[32],"assumed":[33],"that":[34,188,253],"environments":[36,79,190,199],"are":[37,80,191],"more":[38,84,195,259],"restorative":[39,85,196],"than":[40,86,197,275],"urban":[41,87,198],"environments.":[42,88],"However,":[43,233],"studies":[44,154,224,257],"addressing":[45],"this":[46,249],"issue":[47],"use":[48],"a":[49,71],"variety":[50],"methods":[52],"for":[53,149],"data":[54,114],"collection":[55],"making":[56],"it":[57],"difficult":[58],"compare":[60],"findings":[62],"different":[64],"studies.":[65,151],"The":[66],"reported":[68],"here":[69],"uses":[70],"meta-analysis":[72],"at":[74],"estimating":[75],"how":[76],"much":[77],"perceived":[81,192],"as":[82,97],"being":[83],"We":[89,251],"investigated":[90],"role":[92],"moderator":[94,236],"variables":[95],"such":[96],"design,":[99],"kind":[100],"environment,":[103,161],"participants,":[104],"measurement":[105],"instruments":[106],"used":[107,127],"or":[108],"context":[110],"were":[115,126,147,182,238],"collected.":[116],"PsycINFO,":[117],"PsycARTICLES,":[118],"Scopus,":[119],"SpringerLINK,":[120],"Web":[121],"Science":[123],"online":[124],"databases":[125],"identity":[129],"all":[130],"peer-review":[131],"articles":[132],"on":[133],"restorativeness":[134,176],"published":[135],"date":[137],"(":[138,214,228],"k":[139],"=":[140,204,216,231],"167).":[141],"Reference":[142],"sections":[143],"obtained":[145],"papers":[146],"examined":[148],"additional":[150],"Only":[152],"22":[153],"met":[155],"inclusion":[156],"criteria":[157],"(direct":[158],"exposure":[159],"comparison":[162],"between":[163,209],"one":[164,171],"outdoor":[165],"with":[167],"element":[169],"without":[172],"element,":[174],"measured":[177],"by":[178],"self-report":[179],"scale)":[180],"included":[183],"meta-analysis.":[185],"Results":[186],"show":[187],"be":[194,262],"(Cohen\u2019s":[200],"d":[201],"(confidence":[202],"interval)":[203],"1.99":[205],"(1.38\u20132.61)).":[206],"Significant":[207],"heterogeneity":[208],"study":[211],"was":[212,225],"found":[213],"Q(19)":[215],"503.16,":[217],"p":[218],"<":[219],".001)":[220],"variability":[222,255],"within":[223],"very":[226],"high":[227],"I":[229],"2":[230],"97%).":[232],"subsequent":[234],"univariate":[235],"analyses":[237],"not":[239],"significant.":[240],"Other":[241],"methodological":[242,277],"differences":[243,266],"(e.g.,":[244,267],"lighting":[245],"conditions)":[246],"could":[247],"explain":[248],"variability.":[250],"concluded":[252],"likely":[260],"due":[263],"individual":[265],"age,":[268],"connections":[269],"nature,":[271],"environmental":[273],"attitude)":[274],"differences.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
