{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982801034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","title":"Robust characterization of microfabricated atomic beams on a six-month time scale","display_name":"Robust characterization of microfabricated atomic beams on a six-month time scale","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982801034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","mag":"2982801034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323224","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-2301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-2301","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-9989"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-2301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007271142","display_name":"Bochao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-0769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-0769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bochao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-0769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006102917","display_name":"Xiao Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-9095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-9095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-9095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050010413","display_name":"Jeremy Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-9142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-9142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054457254","display_name":"Anosh Daruwalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-9310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9780-9310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anosh Daruwalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081523432","display_name":"Farrokh Ayazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrokh Ayazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064317709","display_name":"Chandra Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-7591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-7591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-7591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":{"value":2625,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2625},"apc_paid":{"value":2625,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2625},"fwci":0.3052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45570946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.028300000354647636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-beam-collimation","display_name":"atomic beam collimation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-mems","display_name":"silicon MEMS","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-stability","display_name":"long-term stability","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-sensing","display_name":"quantum sensing","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timekeeping","display_name":"timekeeping","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-sensing","display_name":"inertial sensing","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clocks","display_name":"atomic clocks","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.6997843980789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6546552181243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6255220770835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5743192434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983805867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Silicon chip","level":3,"score":0.5510304570198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.528662919998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66823137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568","display_name":"Atomic units","level":2,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992309020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817324","display_name":"Atomic beam","level":3,"score":0.5095356106758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4844651222229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.43886107206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.43149319291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.3899666368961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29798200726509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2808758020401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27843037247657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21460413932800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1911.06388","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.06388","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.06388","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d4ec4f1bcd643ef8d60bff47e81765d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d4ec4f1bcd643ef8d60bff47e81765d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research, Vol 2, Iss 2, p 023239 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023239","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338415","display_name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982801034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982801034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194278986","https://openalex.org/W400147410","https://openalex.org/W1626206720","https://openalex.org/W1883624694","https://openalex.org/W1967756664","https://openalex.org/W1970650748","https://openalex.org/W1983809289","https://openalex.org/W1997451188","https://openalex.org/W1998762105","https://openalex.org/W2008359234","https://openalex.org/W2015609808","https://openalex.org/W2017421187","https://openalex.org/W2020819605","https://openalex.org/W2022253816","https://openalex.org/W2023320806","https://openalex.org/W2033568189","https://openalex.org/W2034011224","https://openalex.org/W2036411615","https://openalex.org/W2044578717","https://openalex.org/W2061088138","https://openalex.org/W2072366165","https://openalex.org/W2077627938","https://openalex.org/W2084219763","https://openalex.org/W2086297255","https://openalex.org/W2086536157","https://openalex.org/W2156292087","https://openalex.org/W2175649685","https://openalex.org/W2271625235","https://openalex.org/W2318584736","https://openalex.org/W2342785509","https://openalex.org/W2345373625","https://openalex.org/W2406973258","https://openalex.org/W2413133948","https://openalex.org/W2485816801","https://openalex.org/W2563912240","https://openalex.org/W2766026291","https://openalex.org/W2782946396","https://openalex.org/W2791548393","https://openalex.org/W2794667453","https://openalex.org/W2801388161","https://openalex.org/W2871288960","https://openalex.org/W2886759101","https://openalex.org/W2895668273","https://openalex.org/W2908323220","https://openalex.org/W2909240409","https://openalex.org/W2909922402","https://openalex.org/W2921559947","https://openalex.org/W2942030775","https://openalex.org/W2943877410","https://openalex.org/W2956214626","https://openalex.org/W2957722360","https://openalex.org/W2959071879","https://openalex.org/W2983971613","https://openalex.org/W3025969667","https://openalex.org/W3098047031","https://openalex.org/W3103004069","https://openalex.org/W4233951436","https://openalex.org/W4236316114","https://openalex.org/W4300474130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4395090879","https://openalex.org/W3109169414","https://openalex.org/W4408600367","https://openalex.org/W1642673443","https://openalex.org/W4380576572","https://openalex.org/W3135087988","https://openalex.org/W7096208630","https://openalex.org/W2535731251","https://openalex.org/W4323538189","https://openalex.org/W2746249976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"long-term":[3],"stability":[4],"in":[5],"miniature":[6],"atomic":[7],"beam":[8],"collimators.":[9],"These":[10],"are":[11],"made":[12],"from":[13],"silicon":[14],"using":[15],"micro-electromechanical":[16],"system":[17],"fabrication":[18],"techniques":[19],"and,":[20],"combined":[21],"with":[22],"quantum":[23],"sensing":[24],"protocols":[25],"on-chip,":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"used":[29],"as":[30],"devices":[31],"for":[32],"timekeeping":[33],"or":[34],"inertial":[35],"sensing.":[36]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}