{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982781069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","title":"UniChain: A Design of Blockchain-Based System for Electronic Academic Records Access and Permissions Management","display_name":"UniChain: A Design of Blockchain-Based System for Electronic Academic Records Access and Permissions Management","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982781069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","mag":"2982781069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9224966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/22/4966/pdf?version=1574250693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/22/4966/pdf?version=1574250693","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075822615","display_name":"Eman Yaser Daraghmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-4232","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-4232"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799716270","display_name":"Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfa1c07","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eman-Yasser Daraghmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Applied Science, Palestine Technical University Kadoori, Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-4232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Applied Science, Palestine Technical University Kadoori, Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026047368","display_name":"Yousef\u2010Awwad Daraghmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-376X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-376X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799716270","display_name":"Palestine Technical University - Kadoorie","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfa1c07","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef-Awwad Daraghmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Palestine Technical University Kadoori, Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Palestine Technical University Kadoori, Tulkarm P.O. Box 7, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799716270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629585","display_name":"Shyan\u2010Ming Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-9528","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-9528"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shyan-Ming Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-9528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075822615","https://openalex.org/A5100629585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I2799716270"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1520},"fwci":4.8159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95193844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"22","first_page":"4966","last_page":"4966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.16110000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"access control","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"encryption","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-mechanisms","display_name":"incentive mechanisms","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-records-management","display_name":"university records management","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7845008373260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6157200932502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.609593391418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5828201174736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5577093362808228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.469909131526947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2373996376991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9224966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/22/4966/pdf?version=1574250693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38ef016aadd5473c817477584557f07a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38ef016aadd5473c817477584557f07a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 22, p 4966 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app9224966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224966","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/22/4966/pdf?version=1574250693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5385000109672546,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319275","display_name":"Palestine Technical University Kadoorie","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfa1c07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982781069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982781069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2422236939","https://openalex.org/W2483525606","https://openalex.org/W2765152469","https://openalex.org/W2767277120","https://openalex.org/W2781869656","https://openalex.org/W2925413847","https://openalex.org/W2930619546","https://openalex.org/W2931088023","https://openalex.org/W2943681506","https://openalex.org/W2946233782","https://openalex.org/W2951918961","https://openalex.org/W3002135227","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W7029050921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161404438","https://openalex.org/W7172169698","https://openalex.org/W4386004549","https://openalex.org/W4408277592","https://openalex.org/W4411191556","https://openalex.org/W4403864513","https://openalex.org/W7083418331","https://openalex.org/W7125587677","https://openalex.org/W3207931889","https://openalex.org/W4410237427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"blockchain":[1],"technology":[2],"was":[3],"first":[4],"introduced":[5],"through":[6],"Bitcoin,":[7],"extending":[8],"its":[9],"usage":[10],"to":[11,26,64,78,103,142],"non-financial":[12],"applications,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,70],"managing":[16,54],"academic":[17,132],"records,":[18],"is":[19,59,62],"a":[20,45,48,117,158],"new":[21,118,136],"mission":[22],"for":[23,30,47,53,97,110],"recent":[24],"research":[25],"balance":[27],"the":[28,35,66,89,123,144,148,151,154],"needs":[29],"increasing":[31],"data":[32],"privacy":[33],"and":[34,40,75,83,100,134,147],"regular":[36],"interaction":[37],"among":[38],"students":[39],"universities.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"design":[46],"blockchain-based":[49],"system,":[50],"namely":[51],"UniChain,":[52],"Electronic":[55],"Academic":[56],"Records":[57],"(EARs)":[58],"proposed.":[60],"UniChain":[61,92,145],"designed":[63],"improve":[65],"current":[67],"management":[68],"systems":[69],"it":[71],"provides":[72],"interoperable,":[73],"secure,":[74],"effective":[76],"access":[77,102],"EARs":[79],"by":[80],"students,":[81],"universities,":[82],"other":[84],"third":[85],"parties,":[86],"while":[87],"keeping":[88],"students\u2019":[90],"privacy.":[91],"employs":[93],"timed-based":[94],"smart":[95],"contracts":[96],"governing":[98],"transactions":[99],"controlling":[101],"EARs.":[104],"It":[105],"adopts":[106],"advanced":[107],"encryption":[108],"techniques":[109],"providing":[111],"further":[112],"security.":[113],"This":[114],"work":[115],"proposes":[116],"incentive":[119],"mechanism":[120],"that":[121],"leverages":[122],"degree":[124],"of":[125,153],"universities":[126],"regarding":[127],"their":[128],"efforts":[129],"on":[130],"maintaining":[131],"records":[133],"creating":[135],"blocks.":[137],"Extensive":[138],"experiments":[139],"were":[140],"conducted":[141],"evaluate":[143],"performance,":[146],"results":[149],"indicate":[150],"efficiency":[152],"proposal":[155],"in":[156],"handling":[157],"large":[159],"dataset":[160],"at":[161],"low":[162],"latency.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
