{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980770587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","title":"Neurodegenerative Disease Mortality among Former Professional Soccer Players","display_name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Mortality among Former Professional Soccer Players","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980770587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","mag":"2980770587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31633894","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8747032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1908483?articleTools=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1908483?articleTools=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055433632","display_name":"Daniel Mackay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-7098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-7098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel F. Mackay","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Institute of Health and Wellbeing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007841653","display_name":"Emma Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-5910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-5910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma R. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108188210","display_name":"Katy Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katy Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences","University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John A. MacLean","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. MacLean","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences","University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051770579","display_name":"Jill P. Pell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-7035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-7035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill P. Pell","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Institute of Health and Wellbeing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024692160","display_name":"William B. Stewart Jr.","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-2582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-2582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158502","display_name":"Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04y0x0x35","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800201399","https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-2582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Institute of Health and Wellbeing (D.F.M., J.P.P.), the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology (E.R.R., W.S.), and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (K.S., J.A.M.), University of Glasgow, the Hampden Sports Clinic, Hampden Stadium (K.S., J.A.M.), and the Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (W.S.) \u2014 all in Glasgow, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158502"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.293,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":473,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99927766,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"381","issue":"19","first_page":"1801","last_page":"1808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.861299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.062300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11922","display_name":"Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise","score":0.026900000870227814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-medications","display_name":"dementia medications","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemic-heart-disease-mortality","display_name":"ischemic heart disease mortality","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer-mortality","display_name":"lung cancer mortality","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-sports","display_name":"contact sports","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-athletes","display_name":"elite athletes","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-death","display_name":"causes of death","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competing-risk-of-death","display_name":"competing risk of death","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-deprivation","display_name":"social deprivation","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescribing-patterns","display_name":"prescribing patterns","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concussion","display_name":"concussion","score":0.3269999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8843142986297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.8070471286773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5379444360733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102803821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7598403","display_name":"Standardized mortality ratio","level":3,"score":0.5158621668815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4979665279388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.4592357575893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4439970850944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4365401864051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4281955659389496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.4250728487968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4191184937953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4148613512516022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3849462568759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3709610402584076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.06678476929664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006331","descriptor_name":"Heart Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008136","descriptor_name":"Longevity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012606","descriptor_name":"Scotland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012916","descriptor_name":"Soccer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018697","descriptor_name":"Nootropic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056352","descriptor_name":"Athletes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1908483?articleTools=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31633894","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31633894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New England journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8747032","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8747032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"N Engl J Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:201286","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/3947.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1908483","pdf_url":"https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1908483?articleTools=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000873797","display_name":"Axonal Pathology and TBI-Related Neurodegeneration (TReND)","funder_award_id":"R01NS094003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980770587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980770587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W821579936","https://openalex.org/W1516762787","https://openalex.org/W1944945174","https://openalex.org/W1966714873","https://openalex.org/W2038981426","https://openalex.org/W2047497921","https://openalex.org/W2055460213","https://openalex.org/W2105489250","https://openalex.org/W2114303944","https://openalex.org/W2128621051","https://openalex.org/W2133647554","https://openalex.org/W2139835793","https://openalex.org/W2141679195","https://openalex.org/W2155971051","https://openalex.org/W2162142017","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2486114578","https://openalex.org/W2498119267","https://openalex.org/W2528115552","https://openalex.org/W2588072485","https://openalex.org/W2607480509","https://openalex.org/W2754861217","https://openalex.org/W2913241053","https://openalex.org/W2913684613","https://openalex.org/W2914148708","https://openalex.org/W2939895945","https://openalex.org/W2946215536","https://openalex.org/W2947253577","https://openalex.org/W4239225232","https://openalex.org/W4253308936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3187743742","https://openalex.org/W2980527549","https://openalex.org/W3207528039","https://openalex.org/W4327558259","https://openalex.org/W4405185433","https://openalex.org/W2155971051","https://openalex.org/W4241086788","https://openalex.org/W4292162818","https://openalex.org/W3044790934","https://openalex.org/W2139835793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Neurodegenerative":[1],"disorders":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4,26],"reported":[5],"in":[6,11,97,422],"elite":[7],"athletes":[8],"who":[9,63],"participated":[10],"contact":[12],"sports.":[13],"The":[14],"incidence":[15],"of":[16,51,72,77,81,95,118,145,221],"neurodegenerative":[17,40,195,244,325,383],"disease":[18,41,156,196,226,245,261,270,290,326,384],"among":[19,42,56,135,139,159,163,204,210,266,286,394,401],"former":[20,44,122,136,160,205,240,309,395,411],"professional":[21,45,397],"soccer":[22,46,123,206,398],"players":[23,47,68,124,137,161,207,274,310,343,399,412],"has":[24],"not":[25,336],"well":[27],"characterized.":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"We":[30],"conducted":[31],"a":[32,116,251,332],"retrospective":[33,378],"cohort":[34],"study":[35],"to":[36,66,142,173,190,236,260,281,297,308,312,320,350,362,370,410,414,419],"compare":[37],"mortality":[38,132,180,242,381,388],"from":[39,49,59,85,108,153,181,223,229,382,389],"7676":[43],"(identified":[48],"databases":[50],"Scottish":[52,396],"players)":[53],"with":[54,194,243,268,288,324],"that":[55],"23,028":[57],"controls":[58,128,140,164,211,313],"the":[60,67,70,93,98,109,143,199,248,255,329,428],"general":[61],"population":[62],"were":[64,83,101,304,358,406],"matched":[65,402],"on":[69,89,254],"basis":[71],"sex,":[73],"age,":[74],"and":[75,126,148,208,227,263,284,341,387,431],"degree":[76],"social":[78],"deprivation.":[79],"Causes":[80],"death":[82,86,222,228,256],"determined":[84],"certificates.":[87],"Data":[88],"medications":[90,303,357,405],"dispensed":[91],"for":[92,218],"treatment":[94],"dementia":[96],"two":[99],"cohorts":[100],"also":[102],"compared.":[103],"Prescription":[104],"information":[105],"was":[106,133,149,157,179,202,264,385],"obtained":[107],"national":[110],"Prescribing":[111],"Information":[112],"System.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"Over":[115],"median":[117],"18":[119],"years,":[120],"1180":[121],"(15.4%)":[125],"3807":[127],"(16.5%)":[129],"died.":[130],"All-cause":[131],"lower":[134,158,393],"than":[138,162,311,400,413],"up":[141],"age":[144],"70":[146],"years":[147],"higher":[150,386],"thereafter.":[151],"Mortality":[152,193,323],"ischemic":[154,224],"heart":[155,225],"(hazard":[165,184,271,291,344],"ratio,":[166,185,292,315,345,365],"0.80;":[167],"95%":[168,187,233,278,294,317,347,367],"confidence":[169],"interval":[170],"[CI],":[171],"0.66":[172],"0.97;":[174],"P":[175,299,352,372],"=":[176,300,353,373],"0.02),":[177],"as":[178,198,247,328],"lung":[182],"cancer":[183],"0.53;":[186],"CI,":[188,234,279,295,318,348,368],"0.40":[189],"0.70;":[191],"P<0.001).":[192,238,322],"listed":[197,246,327],"primary":[200,249,330],"cause":[201,253,334],"1.7%":[203],"0.5%":[209],"(subhazard":[212],"ratio":[213,216,272],"[the":[214],"hazard":[215],"adjusted":[217],"competing":[219],"risks":[220],"any":[230],"cancer],":[231],"3.45;":[232],"2.11":[235],"5.62;":[237],"Among":[239],"players,":[241],"or":[250,331],"contributory":[252,333],"certificate":[257],"varied":[258],"according":[259],"subtype":[262],"highest":[265],"those":[267,287],"Alzheimer's":[269],"[former":[273],"vs.":[275],"controls],":[276],"5.07;":[277],"2.92":[280],"8.82;":[282],"P<0.001)":[283],"lowest":[285],"Parkinson's":[289],"2.15;":[293],"1.17":[296],"3.96;":[298],"0.01).":[301],"Dementia-related":[302,404],"prescribed":[305,359,407],"more":[306,408],"frequently":[307,361,409],"(odds":[314,364],"4.90;":[316],"3.81":[319],"6.31;":[321],"did":[335],"differ":[337],"significantly":[338],"between":[339],"goalkeepers":[340,363],"outfield":[342],"0.73;":[346],"0.43":[349],"1.24;":[351],"0.24),":[354],"but":[355],"dementia-related":[356],"less":[360],"0.41;":[366],"0.19":[369],"0.89;":[371],"0.02).":[374],"CONCLUSIONS:":[375],"In":[376],"this":[377],"epidemiologic":[379],"analysis,":[380],"other":[390],"common":[391],"diseases":[392],"controls.":[403,415],"These":[416],"observations":[417],"need":[418],"be":[420],"confirmed":[421],"prospective":[423],"matched-cohort":[424],"studies.":[425],"(Funded":[426],"by":[427],"Football":[429],"Association":[430],"Professional":[432],"Footballers'":[433],"Association.).":[434]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-10-25T00:00:00"}