{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980761702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","title":"Measuring Tourists\u2019 Emotional Solidarity with One Another\u2014A Modification of the Emotional Solidarity Scale","display_name":"Measuring Tourists\u2019 Emotional Solidarity with One Another\u2014A Modification of the Emotional Solidarity Scale","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980761702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","mag":"2980761702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0047287519878503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049658444","display_name":"Dongoh Joo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-4808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-4808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongoh Joo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport, Outdoor Recreation, and Tourism Management Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-4808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport, Outdoor Recreation, and Tourism Management Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090897769","display_name":"Kyle Maurice Woosnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-7578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-7578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB","US","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Maurice Woosnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-7578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049658444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.8845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98957617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"7","first_page":"1186","last_page":"1203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12798","display_name":"Religious Tourism and Spaces","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-solidarity","display_name":"emotional solidarity","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourists","display_name":"tourists","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-modification","display_name":"scale modification","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-beliefs","display_name":"shared beliefs","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communality","display_name":"communality","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness","display_name":"fairness","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-relationships","display_name":"affective bonds","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780641677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815726","display_name":"Solidarity","level":3,"score":0.8443790674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7299463152885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7137672305107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.7133687734603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6336460709571838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43551722168922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.42992597818374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28954803943634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10828742384910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0937771201133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07704958319664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0047287519878503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157485431","display_name":"Journal of Travel Research","issn_l":"0047-2875","issn":["0047-2875","1552-6763"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","fnege-4","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Travel Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136957959","https://openalex.org/W175149270","https://openalex.org/W193104780","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1491071373","https://openalex.org/W1575698009","https://openalex.org/W1968566878","https://openalex.org/W1970324720","https://openalex.org/W1980197955","https://openalex.org/W1982979344","https://openalex.org/W1985419904","https://openalex.org/W1991572527","https://openalex.org/W1991623719","https://openalex.org/W1993760488","https://openalex.org/W1999625179","https://openalex.org/W2003612898","https://openalex.org/W2004184632","https://openalex.org/W2008444575","https://openalex.org/W2010643036","https://openalex.org/W2013482824","https://openalex.org/W2020743727","https://openalex.org/W2023448297","https://openalex.org/W2029972378","https://openalex.org/W2034077531","https://openalex.org/W2047003417","https://openalex.org/W2058436256","https://openalex.org/W2059129727","https://openalex.org/W2061447592","https://openalex.org/W2094826296","https://openalex.org/W2097627785","https://openalex.org/W2099555692","https://openalex.org/W2100313571","https://openalex.org/W2103970761","https://openalex.org/W2107414682","https://openalex.org/W2117416423","https://openalex.org/W2123136637","https://openalex.org/W2123380611","https://openalex.org/W2125137468","https://openalex.org/W2135537840","https://openalex.org/W2138035785","https://openalex.org/W2139155865","https://openalex.org/W2139462879","https://openalex.org/W2143680134","https://openalex.org/W2145390378","https://openalex.org/W2146044204","https://openalex.org/W2147854732","https://openalex.org/W2156785301","https://openalex.org/W2162705246","https://openalex.org/W2168257019","https://openalex.org/W2208192105","https://openalex.org/W2252725074","https://openalex.org/W2315014833","https://openalex.org/W2329209162","https://openalex.org/W2339648602","https://openalex.org/W2404610020","https://openalex.org/W2469842034","https://openalex.org/W2527175324","https://openalex.org/W2546845565","https://openalex.org/W2548905062","https://openalex.org/W2551556036","https://openalex.org/W2600990763","https://openalex.org/W2614850284","https://openalex.org/W2753564619","https://openalex.org/W2797607662","https://openalex.org/W2801733806","https://openalex.org/W2904588591","https://openalex.org/W2945392448","https://openalex.org/W2968893733","https://openalex.org/W3012479489","https://openalex.org/W4237203327","https://openalex.org/W4243995779","https://openalex.org/W4297983578","https://openalex.org/W4391668179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097627785","https://openalex.org/W2139462879","https://openalex.org/W3133914111","https://openalex.org/W2162705246","https://openalex.org/W2146044204","https://openalex.org/W2534116340","https://openalex.org/W2138035785","https://openalex.org/W4220673664","https://openalex.org/W3000581948","https://openalex.org/W3158431039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"tourists\u2019":[1,140],"affective":[2,48],"bonds":[3,49],"with":[4,108],"one":[5],"another":[6],"are":[7,121],"essential":[8],"to":[9,30,46,69,123],"their":[10,16],"travel":[11],"experiences":[12],"as":[13,15,22,79],"well":[14],"pretrip":[17],"anticipations,":[18],"it":[19],"nevertheless":[20],"remains":[21],"an":[23],"underexplored":[24],"topic":[25],"in":[26,75,100,139],"tourism":[27],"research.":[28],"Responding":[29],"this":[31,34],"research":[32,92],"gap,":[33],"study":[35],"modified":[36,97,130],"the":[37,76,80,109,125,129,133,136],"Emotional":[38],"Solidarity":[39],"Scale":[40],"(ESS),":[41],"which":[42],"is":[43],"originally":[44],"intended":[45],"measure":[47],"between":[50,135],"tourists":[51,74],"and":[52,54,67,86,90,105,132],"residents":[53],"developed":[55],"new":[56,110],"scales":[57,111],"for":[58,112],"its":[59,113],"theoretical":[60],"antecedents":[61,114,138],"(i.e.,":[62],"shared":[63,65],"beliefs,":[64],"behaviors,":[66],"propensity":[68],"interact),":[70],"using":[71],"potential":[72],"faith-based":[73],"United":[77],"States":[78],"target":[81],"population.":[82],"For":[83],"scale":[84],"modification":[85],"development,":[87],"both":[88],"qualitative":[89],"quantitative":[91],"methods":[93],"were":[94],"used.":[95],"The":[96],"ESS":[98,131],"(resulting":[99],"two":[101],"unique":[102],"factors\u2014":[103],"communality":[104],"fairness)":[106],"along":[107],"demonstrated":[115],"strong":[116],"psychometric":[117],"properties.":[118],"Further":[119],"studies":[120],"suggested":[122],"confirm":[124],"two-dimensional":[126],"structure":[127],"of":[128],"relationships":[134],"three":[137],"intragroup":[141],"relationship":[142],"settings.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-10-25T00:00:00"}