{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980741237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","title":"Optimization of spark plasma sintering parameters of inconel 738LC alloy using response surface methodology (RSM)","display_name":"Optimization of spark plasma sintering parameters of inconel 738LC alloy using response surface methodology (RSM)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980741237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","mag":"2980741237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840419301143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898364864","display_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","issn_l":"2588-8404","issn":["2588-8404","2589-7225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840419301143/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015237947","display_name":"Olugbenga Ogunbiyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-450X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-450X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olugbenga Ogunbiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028773327","display_name":"Tamba Jamiru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-1921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-1921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamba Jamiru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085622582","display_name":"Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rotimi Sadiku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for NanoEngineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for NanoEngineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017999441","display_name":"Oluwagbenga Adesina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-8691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwagbenga Adesina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056425403","display_name":"Jimmy Lolu Olajide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-8765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-8765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jimmy lolu Olajide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-8765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012217644","display_name":"Lodewyk Willem Beneke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lodewyk Beneke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Industrial Design, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015237947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83418188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"177","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10840","display_name":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10840","display_name":"High Temperature Alloys and Creep","score":0.5175999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12932","display_name":"Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials","score":0.17430000007152557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark-plasma-sintering","display_name":"spark plasma sintering","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in738lc-superalloy","display_name":"IN738LC superalloy","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/densification","display_name":"densification","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness","display_name":"microhardness","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sintering-temperature","display_name":"sintering temperature","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sintering-pressure","display_name":"sintering pressure","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameter-optimization","display_name":"process parameter optimization","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-composite-design","display_name":"central composite design","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-modeling","display_name":"empirical modeling","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.8546920418739319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7715339660644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307265","display_name":"Spark plasma sintering","level":3,"score":0.762085497379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.7310773134231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207055975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637345","display_name":"Superalloy","level":3,"score":0.6797215938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778703219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898562","display_name":"Inconel","level":3,"score":0.6526027917861938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.6265466809272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.5768948793411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5511233806610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.4512724280357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.44725093245506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.44203120470046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82455628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905","display_name":"Relative density","level":3,"score":0.43140241503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3784351050853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777581544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844613","display_name":"Sintering","level":2,"score":0.3519313931465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.32453012466430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2125750482082367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.2040833830833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17365029454231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15132421255111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840419301143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898364864","display_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","issn_l":"2588-8404","issn":["2588-8404","2589-7225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45a6cdaa02c24d4096f45c32928857b9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45a6cdaa02c24d4096f45c32928857b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 177-188 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlmm.2019.10.002","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588840419301143/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898364864","display_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","issn_l":"2588-8404","issn":["2588-8404","2589-7225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323145","display_name":"Institute of Nuclear Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/052jx3443"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324695","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980741237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980741237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184105700","https://openalex.org/W1023253654","https://openalex.org/W1652069810","https://openalex.org/W1934964148","https://openalex.org/W1964293150","https://openalex.org/W1964960088","https://openalex.org/W1992894697","https://openalex.org/W2001393305","https://openalex.org/W2017123056","https://openalex.org/W2026607401","https://openalex.org/W2044498753","https://openalex.org/W2065629038","https://openalex.org/W2067569032","https://openalex.org/W2076492362","https://openalex.org/W2084583432","https://openalex.org/W2085689882","https://openalex.org/W2091010165","https://openalex.org/W2101029863","https://openalex.org/W2109209423","https://openalex.org/W2145965838","https://openalex.org/W2171783265","https://openalex.org/W2180878315","https://openalex.org/W2183598047","https://openalex.org/W2266065070","https://openalex.org/W2286563566","https://openalex.org/W2292590775","https://openalex.org/W2536260093","https://openalex.org/W2560626533","https://openalex.org/W2562170729","https://openalex.org/W2590792604","https://openalex.org/W2610952901","https://openalex.org/W2614911675","https://openalex.org/W2727689982","https://openalex.org/W2735664911","https://openalex.org/W2736940295","https://openalex.org/W2764242812","https://openalex.org/W2768638281","https://openalex.org/W2791429372","https://openalex.org/W2870725611","https://openalex.org/W2889907287","https://openalex.org/W2895461967","https://openalex.org/W2900242736","https://openalex.org/W2912607340","https://openalex.org/W2916989790","https://openalex.org/W4211191043","https://openalex.org/W6685295751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913513219","https://openalex.org/W1501633259","https://openalex.org/W2009453507","https://openalex.org/W3025728734","https://openalex.org/W2037270995","https://openalex.org/W1994903329","https://openalex.org/W2742902818","https://openalex.org/W1010533511","https://openalex.org/W2028020382","https://openalex.org/W2971584058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123,225],"quality":[1],"and":[2,34,48,69,76,103,119,131,147,165,195,215],"properties":[3,36],"of":[4,13,22,25,37,46,55,65,84,100,153],"a":[5,140,151,189],"material":[6],"can":[7],"be":[8],"improved":[9],"by":[10,51],"the":[11,20,32,44,63,79,85,92,98,108,114,117,120,127,132,145,148,154,163,193,196,210,216],"choice":[12],"processing":[14,185],"technique":[15],"adopted.":[16,60],"This":[17,61],"study":[18],"investigates":[19],"influence":[21,99],"process":[23],"parameters":[24],"spark":[26],"plasma":[27],"sintering":[28],"(SPS)":[29],"method":[30],"on":[31,107,192],"densification":[33],"microhardness":[35],"IN738LC":[38],"superalloy.":[39],"In":[40,111],"order":[41],"to":[42,90,138,171,178],"reduce":[43],"numbers":[45],"experiments":[47],"eliminate":[49],"trial":[50],"error":[52],"approach,":[53],"design":[54,72],"experiment":[56,134],"(DOE)":[57],"approach":[58],"was":[59,88,135,169,181],"involved":[62],"use":[64],"response":[66,174],"surface":[67],"methodology":[68],"central":[70],"composite":[71],"(CCD)":[73],"with":[74,96],"temperature":[75,186,199],"pressure":[77],"as":[78,150,230],"SPS":[80,184],"experimental":[81],"variables.":[82],"Analysis":[83],"variance":[86],"(ANOVA)":[87],"studied":[89],"validate":[91],"developed":[93,161],"model,":[94],"coupled":[95],"understanding":[97],"individual":[101],"variable":[102],"their":[104],"combined":[105],"interaction":[106],"output":[109],"(responses).":[110],"this":[112,208],"case,":[113],"responses":[115,164,194],"were":[116,160],"density":[118,146,220,227],"hardness":[121,149,211],"properties.":[122],"data":[124],"obtained":[125],"from":[126],"numerically":[128],"predicted":[129],"values":[130],"physical":[133],"statistically":[136],"examined":[137],"obtain":[139],"predictive":[141],"model":[142],"which":[143],"harmonizes":[144],"function":[152],"independent":[155],"operation":[156],"parameters.":[157],"Empirical":[158],"models":[159],"for":[162],"fifteen":[166],"solution":[167],"runs":[168],"processed":[170],"establish":[172],"whose":[173],"desirability":[175],"is":[176,200,212,228],"closest":[177],"1.":[179],"It":[180],"observed":[182],"that":[183],"(variable)":[187],"have":[188],"major":[190],"effect":[191],"most":[197],"desired":[198],"1200":[201],"\u00b0C":[202],"at":[203],"50":[204],"MPa":[205],"pressure.":[206],"Under":[207],"condition,":[209],"362.028":[213],"HV":[214],"corresponding":[217],"percentage":[218],"relative":[219],"id":[221],"98.457%":[222],"(7.772":[223],"g/cm3).":[224],"theoretical":[226],"given":[229],"7.894":[231],"g/cm3.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}