{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980403288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","title":"Topical Microbicides in HIV Prevention: State of the Promise","display_name":"Topical Microbicides in HIV Prevention: State of the Promise","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980403288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","mag":"2980403288","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613684","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8038211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16909082","display_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","issn_l":"0066-4219","issn":["0066-4219","1545-326X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486492","display_name":"Jared M. Baeten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-8438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-8438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jared M. Baeten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Global Health, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Global Health, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053567182","display_name":"Craig W. Hendrix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-8665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig W. Hendrix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017547539","display_name":"Sharon L. Hillier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-7481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-7481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097282","display_name":"Magee-Womens Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00rnw4e09","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon L. Hillier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I4210097282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9427,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70225386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"361","last_page":"377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-microbicides","display_name":"topical microbicides","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-exposure-prophylaxis","display_name":"pre-exposure prophylaxis","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-microbicides","display_name":"vaginal microbicides","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-microbicides","display_name":"rectal microbicides","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-drugs","display_name":"antiretroviral drugs","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women","display_name":"women","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-people","display_name":"transgender people","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117214928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905570","display_name":"Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases","level":4,"score":0.943893551826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197746943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Microbicide","level":3,"score":0.6892741322517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.651244580745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.6047960519790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97228660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7908502","display_name":"Vaginal microbicide","level":5,"score":0.4743160903453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.31966888904571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2616952359676361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.23228546977043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.13964825868606567}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000891","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents, Local","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004339","descriptor_name":"Drug Compounding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011251","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012007","descriptor_name":"Rectum","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012747","descriptor_name":"Sexual Partners","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014621","descriptor_name":"Vagina","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018445","descriptor_name":"Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019380","descriptor_name":"Anti-HIV Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061214","descriptor_name":"Patient Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16909082","display_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","issn_l":"0066-4219","issn":["0066-4219","1545-326X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31613684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31613684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8038211","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8038211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Rev Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","pdf_url":"https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-med-090518-093731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16909082","display_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","issn_l":"0066-4219","issn":["0066-4219","1545-326X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2889439250","display_name":"Statistical and Data Management Center (SDMC): Microbicide Trials Network","funder_award_id":"UM1AI068615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3021320693","display_name":"Leadership and Operations Center (LOC): Microbicide Trials Network","funder_award_id":"UM1AI068633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7527724256","display_name":"Laboratory Center (LC):  Microbicide Trials Network","funder_award_id":"UM1AI106707","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000868680","display_name":"University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research","funder_award_id":"P30AI027757","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980403288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980403288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W319043714","https://openalex.org/W1656646027","https://openalex.org/W1895220657","https://openalex.org/W1986558013","https://openalex.org/W1986961603","https://openalex.org/W1988338542","https://openalex.org/W1999988675","https://openalex.org/W2005560533","https://openalex.org/W2014826016","https://openalex.org/W2015727594","https://openalex.org/W2021822567","https://openalex.org/W2022213850","https://openalex.org/W2038886109","https://openalex.org/W2044369525","https://openalex.org/W2075290265","https://openalex.org/W2095844669","https://openalex.org/W2103920597","https://openalex.org/W2117057469","https://openalex.org/W2121288293","https://openalex.org/W2123459861","https://openalex.org/W2132709826","https://openalex.org/W2132977017","https://openalex.org/W2146634980","https://openalex.org/W2150644408","https://openalex.org/W2199740160","https://openalex.org/W2226504904","https://openalex.org/W2290010664","https://openalex.org/W2319917590","https://openalex.org/W2326890844","https://openalex.org/W2463948563","https://openalex.org/W2558446330","https://openalex.org/W2563609692","https://openalex.org/W2571049130","https://openalex.org/W2589328181","https://openalex.org/W2619565046","https://openalex.org/W2619918398","https://openalex.org/W2624507456","https://openalex.org/W2722950704","https://openalex.org/W2737183616","https://openalex.org/W2741804287","https://openalex.org/W2742089017","https://openalex.org/W2761951231","https://openalex.org/W2766591862","https://openalex.org/W2767589724","https://openalex.org/W2767724139","https://openalex.org/W2784439478","https://openalex.org/W2793487607","https://openalex.org/W2803101737","https://openalex.org/W2804196938","https://openalex.org/W2811198017","https://openalex.org/W2864614873","https://openalex.org/W2884046077","https://openalex.org/W2887822637","https://openalex.org/W2888507442","https://openalex.org/W2892511292","https://openalex.org/W2892738123","https://openalex.org/W2893225762","https://openalex.org/W2894262207","https://openalex.org/W2894709229","https://openalex.org/W2896468431","https://openalex.org/W2896818093","https://openalex.org/W2898138831","https://openalex.org/W2899344433","https://openalex.org/W2899932670","https://openalex.org/W2904141338","https://openalex.org/W2907040089","https://openalex.org/W2912362473","https://openalex.org/W2944214063","https://openalex.org/W2946395116","https://openalex.org/W2947596755","https://openalex.org/W2952324645","https://openalex.org/W2952481073","https://openalex.org/W2961803134","https://openalex.org/W2966613725","https://openalex.org/W4302371778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099842454","https://openalex.org/W1513227883","https://openalex.org/W2390963807","https://openalex.org/W2156423903","https://openalex.org/W119426443","https://openalex.org/W47020354","https://openalex.org/W7075682525","https://openalex.org/W4398203983","https://openalex.org/W2067896431","https://openalex.org/W2136376593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"HIV":[0,31,66,104],"topical":[1],"microbicides":[2,37],"are":[3],"products":[4,154],"with":[5],"anti-HIV":[6],"activity,":[7],"generally":[8],"incorporating":[9],"a":[10,112],"direct-acting":[11],"antiretroviral":[12],"agent,":[13],"that":[14,76],"when":[15],"applied":[16],"to":[17,25],"the":[18,23,27,40,70,99,108,127,164,167],"vagina":[19],"or":[20],"rectum":[21],"have":[22,56],"potential":[24],"prevent":[26],"sexual":[28,85],"acquisition":[29],"of":[30,43,52,72,102,110,120,133,153,157],"in":[32,84,143],"women":[33,89,92,148],"and":[34,45,68,90,93,138,149,151,160],"men.":[35],"Topical":[36],"may":[38,77],"meet":[39],"prevention":[41,67],"needs":[42],"individuals":[44],"groups":[46],"for":[47,81,98,155,166],"whom":[48],"oral":[49],"daily":[50],"forms":[51],"pre-exposure":[53],"prophylaxis":[54],"(PrEP)":[55],"not":[57],"been":[58,123,141],"acceptable.":[59],"Microbicides":[60],"can":[61],"provide":[62],"personal":[63],"control":[64],"over":[65],"offer":[69],"possibility":[71],"discreet":[73],"use,":[74,158],"qualities":[75],"be":[78],"particularly":[79],"important":[80],"receptive":[82],"partners":[83],"relationships":[86],"such":[87,111],"as":[88],"transgender":[91],"men,":[94,150],"who":[95],"together":[96],"account":[97],"clear":[100],"majority":[101],"new":[103],"infections":[105],"worldwide.":[106],"Although":[107],"promise":[109],"product":[113],"emerged":[114],"nearly":[115],"three":[116],"decades":[117],"ago,":[118],"proof":[119],"concept":[121],"has":[122,140],"demonstrated":[124],"only":[125],"within":[126],"last":[128],"decade.":[129],"A":[130],"robust":[131],"pipeline":[132],"microbicidal":[134],"gels,":[135],"films,":[136],"inserts,":[137],"rings":[139],"evaluated":[142],"multiple":[144],"studies":[145],"among":[146],"at-risk":[147],"refinement":[152],"ease":[156],"reversibility,":[159],"high":[161],"safety":[162],"is":[163],"priority":[165],"field.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-10-25T00:00:00"}
