{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980211883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","title":"Military Development in an African Context","display_name":"Military Development in an African Context","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980211883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","mag":"2980211883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780429049330-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Military Development in Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250402624","display_name":"Military Development in Africa"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059430724","display_name":"Bruce E. Arlinghaus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce E. Arlinghaus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059430724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25992324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.10249999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14086","display_name":"Military and Defense Studies","score":0.05490000173449516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-legacy","display_name":"colonial legacy","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-independence-conflict","display_name":"post-independence conflict","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-war","display_name":"civil war","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irredentism","display_name":"irredentism","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-military-intervention","display_name":"foreign military intervention","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-militaries","display_name":"African militaries","score":0.4970000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5605254173278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4338739514350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4268091320991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3289019465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3240417242050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07961398363113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.029286444187164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780429049330-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049330-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Military Development in Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W303186445","https://openalex.org/W1976426804","https://openalex.org/W2979823440","https://openalex.org/W4247272886","https://openalex.org/W383397336","https://openalex.org/W4250607079","https://openalex.org/W6989138236","https://openalex.org/W2499683604","https://openalex.org/W4398220753","https://openalex.org/W2506880613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,19],"ancient":[1],"times":[2,21],"the":[3,14,22,33,58,71,80,83,97,100,104,114,119,127],"opulent":[4,34],"and":[5,16,24,35,49,52,87,134,138],"civilized":[6],"found":[7],"it":[8,27],"difficult":[9,28],"to":[10,29,92],"defend":[11,30],"themselves":[12,31],"against":[13,32],"poor":[15,23],"barbarous":[17,25],"nations.":[18],"modern":[20],"find":[26],"civilized.":[36],"African":[37,63,107],"militaries":[38],"have":[39,66,109,125],"evolved":[40],"from":[41],"lightly":[42],"armed":[43],"infantry":[44],"units":[45],"into":[46],"mechanized":[47],"forces":[48],"emerging":[50],"air":[51],"sea":[53],"forces.":[54],"The":[55],"characteristics":[56],"of":[57,62,82,99,116,129],"past":[59],"quarter":[60],"century":[61],"military":[64,141],"development":[65],"been":[67],"determined":[68],"largely":[69],"by":[70],"immediately":[72],"preceding":[73],"colonial":[74,85],"era.":[75,122],"Of":[76],"certain":[77],"significance":[78],"were":[79],"effects":[81],"initial":[84],"conquest":[86],"subjugation,":[88],"which":[89],"led":[90],"directly":[91],"what":[93],"Mazrui":[94],"has":[95],"termed":[96],"\"decline":[98],"warrior":[101],"tradition.\"":[102],"Clearly":[103],"threats":[105,124],"confronting":[106],"nations":[108],"changed,":[110],"as":[111],"manifested":[112],"in":[113],"increase":[115],"conflict":[117],"since":[118],"immediate":[120],"post-independence":[121],"These":[123],"taken":[126],"form":[128],"civil":[130],"wars,":[131],"expansionist":[132],"nationalism":[133],"irredentism,":[135],"foreign":[136],"intervention,":[137],"trans":[139],"border":[140],"intervention.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}
