{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979797274","doi":null,"title":"Factors Affecting Health Care Access among Transgender People in the United States","display_name":"Factors Affecting Health Care Access among Transgender People in the United States","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979797274","mag":"2979797274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7785","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8786&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8786&context=etd","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039043420","display_name":"Luisa Kcomt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-0966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-0966"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luisa Kcomt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-0966","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039043420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-people","display_name":"transgender people","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trans-men","display_name":"transgender men","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-women","display_name":"transgender women","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectionality","display_name":"intersectionality","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-discrimination","display_name":"health care discrimination","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-care","display_name":"barriers to care","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance","display_name":"health insurance","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-identity","display_name":"gender identity","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-work-practice","display_name":"social work practice","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"health equity","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-factors","display_name":"protective factors","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants","display_name":"social determinants","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779671885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189125","display_name":"Transgender","level":2,"score":0.559867262840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5288021564483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910687382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189125","display_name":"Transgender Person","level":3,"score":0.48816829919815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3334398567676544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3265593349933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32550549507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.2870662212371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23659151792526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7785","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8786&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwindsor.scholaris.ca:20.500.14776/8117","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14776/8117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2979797274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8786&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7785","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8786&context=etd","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979797274.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979797274.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64581525","https://openalex.org/W103305116","https://openalex.org/W560151258","https://openalex.org/W821539938","https://openalex.org/W828221539","https://openalex.org/W1514388030","https://openalex.org/W1527973570","https://openalex.org/W1539835075","https://openalex.org/W1552626046","https://openalex.org/W1585476822","https://openalex.org/W1830398314","https://openalex.org/W1882718259","https://openalex.org/W1913931784","https://openalex.org/W1964587597","https://openalex.org/W1970673545","https://openalex.org/W1980561716","https://openalex.org/W1981837949","https://openalex.org/W1995482753","https://openalex.org/W2004079143","https://openalex.org/W2006823743","https://openalex.org/W2007615305","https://openalex.org/W2008020113","https://openalex.org/W2011103511","https://openalex.org/W2017966088","https://openalex.org/W2018343573","https://openalex.org/W2019882003","https://openalex.org/W2021285268","https://openalex.org/W2022768097","https://openalex.org/W2025520825","https://openalex.org/W2027305748","https://openalex.org/W2033975321","https://openalex.org/W2036149014","https://openalex.org/W2036436550","https://openalex.org/W2045471330","https://openalex.org/W2050560721","https://openalex.org/W2052519325","https://openalex.org/W2052916989","https://openalex.org/W2056989418","https://openalex.org/W2057363637","https://openalex.org/W2060134478","https://openalex.org/W2062859308","https://openalex.org/W2066501952","https://openalex.org/W2077710179","https://openalex.org/W2080089092","https://openalex.org/W2080734236","https://openalex.org/W2082384879","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2088535830","https://openalex.org/W2092945348","https://openalex.org/W2103000215","https://openalex.org/W2105559446","https://openalex.org/W2121033390","https://openalex.org/W2125940971","https://openalex.org/W2127380873","https://openalex.org/W2128347338","https://openalex.org/W2128443713","https://openalex.org/W2129332419","https://openalex.org/W2131589219","https://openalex.org/W2139726867","https://openalex.org/W2139896341","https://openalex.org/W2148011174","https://openalex.org/W2154354745","https://openalex.org/W2156421692","https://openalex.org/W2158063654","https://openalex.org/W2163816615","https://openalex.org/W2167456560","https://openalex.org/W2168374951","https://openalex.org/W2169156747","https://openalex.org/W2175869694","https://openalex.org/W2203781811","https://openalex.org/W2205159064","https://openalex.org/W2222080613","https://openalex.org/W2237253954","https://openalex.org/W2253025144","https://openalex.org/W2297145390","https://openalex.org/W2318177933","https://openalex.org/W2336432048","https://openalex.org/W2399639816","https://openalex.org/W2403327424","https://openalex.org/W2416895798","https://openalex.org/W2420570993","https://openalex.org/W2431108700","https://openalex.org/W2444236768","https://openalex.org/W2474069727","https://openalex.org/W2474853872","https://openalex.org/W2520833914","https://openalex.org/W2543570607","https://openalex.org/W2552069940","https://openalex.org/W2555535905","https://openalex.org/W2560471947","https://openalex.org/W2564213743","https://openalex.org/W2565767178","https://openalex.org/W2566636929","https://openalex.org/W2591265436","https://openalex.org/W2594387876","https://openalex.org/W2601950431","https://openalex.org/W2602236131","https://openalex.org/W2603665080","https://openalex.org/W2606214696","https://openalex.org/W2606283843","https://openalex.org/W2611423921","https://openalex.org/W2624225501","https://openalex.org/W2742417680","https://openalex.org/W2756092087","https://openalex.org/W2767551785","https://openalex.org/W2774933925","https://openalex.org/W2776639972","https://openalex.org/W2790932935","https://openalex.org/W2790952177","https://openalex.org/W2801689618","https://openalex.org/W2802031533","https://openalex.org/W2886503136","https://openalex.org/W2895934653","https://openalex.org/W2896088078","https://openalex.org/W2897658281","https://openalex.org/W3017188941","https://openalex.org/W3094642609","https://openalex.org/W3095977289","https://openalex.org/W3116739914","https://openalex.org/W3175417087","https://openalex.org/W4237164654","https://openalex.org/W4240599853","https://openalex.org/W4242178039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3031958667","https://openalex.org/W2896088078","https://openalex.org/W2999945822","https://openalex.org/W3165183515","https://openalex.org/W2774933925","https://openalex.org/W106698442","https://openalex.org/W6941098585","https://openalex.org/W2077710179","https://openalex.org/W4221114884","https://openalex.org/W2742417680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transgender":[0,47,299,313],"people":[1,44],"experience":[2,195],"pervasive":[3],"interpersonal":[4],"and":[5,20,37,56,92,113,140,164,204,217,228,259,264,422,434,449,462,466],"structural":[6],"discrimination":[7,156],"within":[8,425],"the":[9,97,108,121,150,159,167,182,237,266,296,309,356,372,412,420,426,437,442,460,473],"health":[10,22,118,132,154,178,198,226,241,277,330,342,352,406,431,451],"care":[11,119,133,155,179,199,331,353,407,432,452],"system,":[12],"which":[13,99,147,305],"impact":[14],"their":[15,101,282,399,430,457],"ability":[16,102,160,238],"to":[17,77,103,131,161,194,197,239,346,390,418,435,455,467],"access":[18,104,162,180,200,240,354,433],"appropriate":[19],"inclusive":[21],"care.":[23,105,242],"Their":[24],"invisibility":[25],"is":[26,40,62,94],"sustained":[27],"by":[28,107,308,385],"a":[29,51,63,291,337,348,365,377],"cultural":[30,469],"milieu":[31],"wherein":[32],"non-trans":[33],"identities":[34],"are":[35,45,126],"privileged":[36],"an":[38],"assumption":[39],"made":[41],"that":[42,175,188,212,247,265,317,392],"all":[43],"cisgender.":[46],"populations":[48],"consist":[49],"of":[50,54,65,111,117,123,152,169,230,295,329,360,411,444,464],"diverse":[52],"spectrum":[53],"gender":[55,170,267,383],"other":[57,173,450],"intersecting":[58],"identities.":[59],"Yet,":[60],"there":[61],"paucity":[64],"research":[66,91],"about":[67,96,441,459],"how":[68],"each":[69],"subgroup":[70],"experiences":[71,443],"discrimination,":[72],"especially":[73],"if":[74],"they":[75],"belong":[76],"more":[78,192],"than":[79,201,323],"one":[80],"marginalized":[81],"community.":[82],"More":[83],"specifically,":[84],"transgender":[85,135,138,189,202,248,318,324,393,427,474],"men":[86,136,190,319,394],"have":[87],"been":[88],"underrepresented":[89],"in":[90,181,219,236,262,326,334,351,355,405,429,471],"little":[93],"known":[95],"factors":[98,146,174,223,235],"affect":[100],"Guided":[106],"theoretical":[109],"framework":[110],"intersectionality":[112],"two":[114],"conceptual":[115],"models":[116],"access,":[120],"aims":[122],"this":[124],"study":[125,414],"to:":[127],"(a)":[128],"compare":[129],"barriers":[130,196],"among":[134,254,273],"versus":[137],"women":[139,203,325],"non-binary/gender":[141,205],"queer":[142,206],"people;":[143],"(b)":[144],"examine":[145,166],"may":[148],"increase":[149,456],"risk":[151,222,338,368],"experiencing":[153],"or":[157,279,367],"potentiate":[158],"care;":[163],"(c)":[165],"interaction":[168,379],"identity":[171,232,268,362,384],"with":[172,382],"can":[176,415],"influence":[177],"United":[183,357],"States.":[184,358],"It":[185,243],"was":[186,210,244,306,336,344,380,388],"hypothesized":[187,211,246],"were":[191,221,233,288],"likely":[193],"people.":[207],"Additionally,":[208],"it":[209],"racial":[213,255],"minority":[214,256],"group":[215,257],"status":[216,401],"living":[218,261],"poverty":[220,335],"while":[224,340],"having":[225,341],"insurance":[227,278,343],"disclosure":[229],"trans":[231,283,361,400,445],"protective":[234,349,366],"further":[245],"men\u2019s":[249],"disadvantage":[250,322],"would":[251,270],"be":[252,271,347,416],"greater":[253,321,403],"members":[258],"those":[260,274],"poverty,":[263],"divide":[269],"smaller":[272],"who":[275,395],"had":[276,280],"disclosed":[281],"identity.":[284],"Logistic":[285],"regression":[286],"analyses":[287],"conducted":[289],"using":[290],"non-elder,":[292],"adult":[293],"subsample":[294],"2015":[297],"U.S.":[298],"Survey":[300],"(N":[301],"=":[302],"14,":[303],"540)":[304],"implemented":[307],"National":[310],"Center":[311],"for":[312],"Equality.":[314],"Results":[315],"found":[316],"experienced":[320,402],"many":[327],"dimensions":[328],"access.":[332,408],"Living":[333],"factor,":[339,369],"observed":[345,381],"factor":[350],"Disclosure":[359],"served":[363],"as":[364],"depending":[370],"on":[371],"outcome":[373],"being":[374],"examined.":[375],"Moreover,":[376],"significant":[378],"disclosure.":[386],"There":[387],"evidence":[389],"suggest":[391],"did":[396],"not":[397],"disclose":[398],"vulnerability":[404],"The":[409],"results":[410],"present":[413],"used":[417],"illuminate":[419],"inter":[421],"intragroup":[423],"differences":[424],"population":[428],"extend":[436],"current":[438],"knowledge":[439],"base":[440],"men.":[446],"Social":[447],"workers":[448],"professionals":[453],"need":[454],"understanding":[458],"complexities":[461],"multiplicities":[463],"gender,":[465],"develop":[468],"competency":[470],"serving":[472],"population.":[475]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}
