{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979604255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","title":"Rethinking the \u201cIndian War\u201d: Northern Indians and Intra-Native Politics in the Western Canada-U.S. Borderlands","display_name":"Rethinking the \u201cIndian War\u201d: Northern Indians and Intra-Native Politics in the Western Canada-U.S. Borderlands","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979604255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","mag":"2979604255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/whq/whz096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21578668","display_name":"Western Historical Quarterly","issn_l":"0043-3810","issn":["0043-3810","1939-8603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Historical Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002507035","display_name":"Lissa Wadewitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lissa K Wadewitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002507035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79857854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"339","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13864","display_name":"Indigenous Cultures and History","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-territory","display_name":"Washington Territory","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coast-salish","display_name":"Coast Salish","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-diplomacy","display_name":"Indigenous diplomacy","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mercenaries","display_name":"mercenaries","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-labor","display_name":"indigenous labor","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-settler-relations","display_name":"Indigenous-settler relations","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borderlands","display_name":"borderlands","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-columbia","display_name":"British Columbia","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeast-alaska","display_name":"Southeast Alaska","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-labor","display_name":"military labor","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.7658184766769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.602222204208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201960208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159385","display_name":"Geopolitics","level":3,"score":0.5949808359146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.575556755065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5245252847671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.500593900680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780755764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6021965","display_name":"Indian country","level":2,"score":0.47138482332229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.4540754556655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992135444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232928","display_name":"Native american","level":2,"score":0.41433316469192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3985152542591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3959563970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.35304737091064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1734483540058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.13306429982185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/whq/whz096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21578668","display_name":"Western Historical Quarterly","issn_l":"0043-3810","issn":["0043-3810","1939-8603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Western Historical Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2328368371","https://openalex.org/W2884646005","https://openalex.org/W2086810791","https://openalex.org/W375966780","https://openalex.org/W7209617287","https://openalex.org/W2486620539","https://openalex.org/W3091214473","https://openalex.org/W2440244685","https://openalex.org/W1854190315","https://openalex.org/W2523944017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"standard":[2],"interpretation":[3],"of":[4,9,65,71,78,86,94,109,119,123,133,157,161,168],"Washington":[5,113],"Territory\u2019s":[6],"\u201cIndian":[7,107],"War\u201d":[8,108],"the":[10,31,66,82,92,106,141,158,162,166],"mid-1850s":[11,163],"is":[12],"not":[13],"only":[14],"east-west":[15],"in":[16,89,102,111,174],"its":[17],"orientation,":[18],"it":[19],"also":[20],"leaves":[21],"little":[22],"room":[23],"for":[24,54,150],"Indian":[25],"auxiliaries,":[26],"let":[27],"alone":[28],"mercenaries-for-hire":[29],"from":[30,37],"north":[32],"Pacific":[33],"coast.":[34],"\u201cNorthern":[35],"Indians\u201d":[36],"what":[38],"later":[39],"became":[40],"northwestern":[41],"British":[42],"Columbia":[43],"and":[44,51,73,131,164,171],"southeastern":[45],"Alaska":[46],"provided":[47],"crucial":[48],"productive,":[49],"reproductive,":[50],"military":[52,159],"labor":[53],"early":[55],"Euro-American":[56],"settlers.":[57],"Because":[58],"Coast":[59],"Salish":[60],"communities":[61],"on":[62],"both":[63],"sides":[64],"border":[67],"had":[68],"experienced":[69],"decades":[70],"raids":[72],"conflicts":[74,160],"with":[75],"various":[76],"groups":[77],"northern":[79,87],"Indians":[80,88],"by":[81],"1850s,":[83],"Euro-Americans\u2019":[84],"hiring":[85],"particular":[90],"illustrates":[91],"importance":[93],"intra-Indian":[95,129,172],"geopolitics":[96],"to":[97,146],"subsequent":[98],"events.":[99],"When":[100],"placed":[101],"this":[103,175],"larger":[104],"context,":[105],"1855\u201356":[110],"western":[112],"must":[114],"be":[115],"seen":[116],"as":[117],"part":[118],"a":[120],"longer":[121],"continuum":[122],"disputes":[124],"involving":[125],"distant":[126],"Native":[127],"groups,":[128],"negotiations,":[130],"forms":[132],"Indigenous":[134],"diplomacy.":[135],"A":[136],"closer":[137],"look":[138],"at":[139],"how":[140],"key":[142],"players":[143],"involved":[144],"attempted":[145],"manipulate":[147],"these":[148],"connections":[149],"their":[151],"own":[152],"purposes":[153],"complicates":[154],"our":[155],"understandings":[156],"reveals":[165],"significance":[167],"evolving":[169],"Native-newcomer":[170],"relations":[173],"transformative":[176],"decade.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}