{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979046830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","title":"Tyre and its Colonial Expansion","display_name":"Tyre and its Colonial Expansion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979046830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","mag":"2979046830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116017389","display_name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113432304","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia Aubet Semmler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia Aubet Semmler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archaeology, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archaeology, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113432304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13068","display_name":"Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13068","display_name":"Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11857","display_name":"Archaeological and Historical Studies","score":0.34279999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyre","display_name":"Tyre","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenician-expansion","display_name":"Phoenician expansion","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phoenician-colonies","display_name":"Phoenician colonies","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"metallurgy","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining","display_name":"mining","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smelting","display_name":"smelting","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometric-dating","display_name":"radiometric dating","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver","display_name":"silver","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin","display_name":"tin","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold","display_name":"gold","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776742946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36734","display_name":"Phoenician","level":2,"score":0.9670130014419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157247726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748405","display_name":"Smelting","level":2,"score":0.6565333604812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.40474754571914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.38207772374153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.37943610548973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3663417398929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2979620695114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1661413609981537}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.6","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean","raw_type":"reference-entry"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973684140","https://openalex.org/W2915744323","https://openalex.org/W2085046182","https://openalex.org/W2974511632","https://openalex.org/W560358795","https://openalex.org/W2810283374","https://openalex.org/W2318394380","https://openalex.org/W3198792395","https://openalex.org/W7132116521","https://openalex.org/W7132073283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48],"material":[1],"evidence":[2],"recovered":[3],"in":[4,8,11,21,68,76,91],"the":[5,12,24,35,42,46,53,84],"last":[6],"years":[7],"archaic":[9],"contexts":[10],"West,":[13],"as":[14,16],"well":[15],"new":[17],"radiometric":[18],"dates":[19],"obtained":[20],"some":[22,32],"of":[23,41,59,62,82,86],"Phoenician":[25,43,50],"colonies,":[26],"urge":[27],"us":[28],"to":[29,52,97],"revise":[30],"periodically":[31],"hypotheses":[33],"about":[34],"origin,":[36],"aims,":[37],"and":[38,71,78,94,100,108],"first":[39,49],"stages":[40],"expansion":[44],"into":[45],"Mediterranean.":[47],"expeditions":[51],"West":[54],"must":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57],"composed":[58],"small":[60],"groups":[61],"merchants,":[63],"accompanied":[64],"by":[65],"genuine":[66],"experts":[67],"smelting,":[69],"mining,":[70],"metallurgy.":[72],"These":[73],"were":[74,110],"specialists":[75],"mining":[77,92],"metallurgical":[79],"technologies,":[80],"capable":[81],"recognizing":[83],"potential":[85],"these":[87],"territories":[88],"(particularly":[89],"rich":[90],"resources)":[93],"technically":[95],"prepared":[96],"assess,":[98],"alloy,":[99],"smelt":[101],"metals":[102],"from":[103],"which":[104],"copper,":[105],"silver,":[106],"tin,":[107],"gold":[109],"obtainable.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2019-10-10T00:00:00"}