{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978092789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","title":"Stool Sampling Technique for FOBT: Do It Yourself or Leave It to the Patient? A Meta-analysis","display_name":"Stool Sampling Technique for FOBT: Do It Yourself or Leave It to the Patient? A Meta-analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978092789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","mag":"2978092789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074629800","display_name":"Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066449378","display_name":"Shafaq Paracha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shafaq Paracha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010801984","display_name":"Murtaza Arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-7968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-7968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murtaza Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084841926","display_name":"Abhishek Choudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-719X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-719X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031755799","display_name":"Michelle Matteson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-1943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-1943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Matteson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046613718","display_name":"Robert E. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-856X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-856X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019235446","display_name":"Jonathan D. Godfrey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Godfrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074411908","display_name":"Hazem T Hammad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem Hammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090110630","display_name":"Matthew L. Bechtold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Bechtold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42305998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":null,"first_page":"S564","last_page":"S564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10335","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Surgical Treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11378","display_name":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fecal-occult-blood-test","display_name":"fecal occult blood test","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-rectal-examination","display_name":"digital rectal examination","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-screening","display_name":"colorectal cancer screening","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-adenoma-detection","display_name":"advanced adenoma detection","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-neoplasms","display_name":"colorectal neoplasia","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-screening","display_name":"primary care screening","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-detection","display_name":"colorectal cancer detection","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic-patients","display_name":"asymptomatic patients","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9484351873397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.739305317401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488276","display_name":"Fecal occult blood","level":5,"score":0.654269814491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.6232261657714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777428134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272741","display_name":"Adenoma","level":2,"score":0.5926643013954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.558853030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5451043248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941169","display_name":"Sigmoidoscopy","level":5,"score":0.5170767307281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5158252120018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.508356511592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.4930088222026825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.45823055505752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594341","display_name":"Rectal examination","level":4,"score":0.4233323037624359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.36921560764312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3669813275337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3178243637084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778435480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840387","display_name":"Colonoscopy","level":4,"score":0.27935826778411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.07654333114624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201110002-01477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565114211","https://openalex.org/W2081682670","https://openalex.org/W2977813066","https://openalex.org/W2165396052","https://openalex.org/W2010342509","https://openalex.org/W4205457455","https://openalex.org/W4238948149","https://openalex.org/W7214231589","https://openalex.org/W3021885050","https://openalex.org/W1970229532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"The":[1,185],"diagnostic":[2],"value":[3],"of":[4,15,34,47,88,93,162,187,277,287],"a":[5,39,44,288],"positive":[6],"fecal":[7,26],"occult":[8,27],"blood":[9,28],"test":[10],"(FOBT)":[11],"at":[12,260],"the":[13,23,51,61,117,159,178,182,275],"time":[14],"digital":[16,31],"rectal":[17,32],"examination":[18],"(DRE)":[19],"is":[20,37,284],"disputed.":[21],"Although":[22],"guidelines":[24],"for":[25,66,124,130,168,189,203,211,244,253],"testing":[29],"discourage":[30],"sampling":[33,122],"stool,":[35],"it":[36],"still":[38],"commonly":[40],"used":[41],"method":[42],"by":[43,110,142,157,292,301],"significant":[45,193,207],"number":[46],"physicians,":[48],"especially":[49],"in":[50,76],"primary":[52],"care":[53],"setting.":[54],"A":[55],"meta-analysis":[56],"was":[57,108,155,166,249],"conducted":[58],"to":[59,242,256,266,281,295,299],"evaluate":[60],"use":[62,186],"FOBT":[63,70,190,254,291,300],"on":[64,71],"DRE":[65,188,240,252],"detecting":[67,261],"neoplasia":[68,219],"versus":[69],"stool":[72,121],"passed":[73],"spontaneously":[74],"(SPS)":[75],"asymptomatic":[77],"patients":[78],"undergoing":[79],"colorectal":[80],"cancer":[81,233,269,282],"screening.":[82],"Methods:":[83],"MEDLINE,":[84],"Cochrane":[85],"Central":[86],"Register":[87],"Controlled":[89],"Trials":[90],"&":[91],"Database":[92],"Systematic":[94],"Reviews,":[95],"CINAHL,":[96],"PubMed,":[97],"and":[98,139,150,177],"recent":[99],"abstracts":[100],"from":[101,175],"major":[102],"conferences":[103],"were":[104,128,209],"searched":[105],"(5/11).":[106],"Data":[107],"extracted":[109],"three":[111],"independent":[112],"reviewers.":[113],"We":[114],"included":[115],"all":[116],"studies":[118,173],"which":[119],"compared":[120,241,265],"techniques":[123],"FOBT.":[125,204,245],"Separate":[126],"analyses":[127],"performed":[129],"each":[131],"main":[132],"outcome":[133],"(normal,":[134],"advanced":[135,195,262,278],"adenoma,":[136,138],"non-advanced":[137],"colon":[140,232],"cancer)":[141],"using":[143],"odds":[144],"ratio":[145],"(OR)":[146],"with":[147,239],"fixed":[148],"effects":[149,152],"random":[151],"models.":[153],"Heterogeneity":[154],"assessed":[156],"calculating":[158],"I2":[160],"measure":[161],"inconsistency.":[163],"RevMan":[164],"5.1":[165],"utilized":[167],"statistical":[169],"analysis.":[170],"Results:":[171],"Six":[172],"(N=1,587)":[174],"Japan":[176],"United":[179],"States":[180],"met":[181],"inclusion":[183],"criteria.":[184],"demonstrated":[191],"statistically":[192,206,297],"less":[194,258],"adenomas":[196,263,279],"(OR":[197,214,220,234],"0.57;":[198],"0.41-0.79,":[199],"p<0.01)":[200],"than":[201],"SPS":[202,243,267,293],"No":[205,246],"differences":[208],"noted":[210],"normal":[212],"findings":[213],"1.20;":[215],"CI:":[216,222,228,236],"0.96-1.52,":[217],"p=0.11),":[218],"0.85;":[221],"0.69-1.05,":[223],"p=0.13),":[224],"nonadvanced":[225],"adenoma":[226],"(OR1.16:":[227],"0.75-1.78,":[229],"p=0.51),":[230],"or":[231],"1.02;":[235],"0.70-1.49,":[237],"p=0.90)":[238],"publication":[247],"bias":[248],"noted.":[250],"Conclusion:":[251],"appears":[255,294],"be":[257,296],"effective":[259],"as":[264],"despite":[268],"detection":[270],"being":[271],"similar.":[272],"Given":[273],"that":[274],"finding":[276],"prior":[280],"progressive":[283],"extremely":[285],"beneficial":[286],"screening":[289],"test,":[290],"superior":[298],"DRE.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-10-10T00:00:00"}