{"id":"https://openalex.org/W297655710","doi":null,"title":"The Effect of Website Design Dimensions on Initial Trust: A Synthesis of the Empirical Literature","display_name":"The Effect of Website Design Dimensions on Initial Trust: A Synthesis of the Empirical Literature","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W297655710","mag":"297655710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:68834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/the-effect-of-website-design-dimensions-on-initial-trust-a-synthesis-of-the-empirical-literature(1ae22542-1bed-48a7-be2c-ff1550bbb370).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014226764","display_name":"Farhod Pulatovich Karimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-3079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-3079"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhod Karimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Economics and Strategic Policy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-3079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economics and Strategic Policy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026513566","display_name":"Malaika Brengman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-7107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-7107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malaika Brengman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Economics and Strategic Policy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-7107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Economics and Strategic Policy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048433250","display_name":"Leo Van Hove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-7746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-7746"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Van Hove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7546-7746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Economics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98522646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"272","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9096999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-design","display_name":"web design","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b2c-e-commerce","display_name":"B2C e-commerce","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-cues","display_name":"trust cues","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cues","display_name":"social cues","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-design","display_name":"visual design","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-design","display_name":"content design","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-shopping","display_name":"online shopping","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-trust","display_name":"consumer trust","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-tailers","display_name":"e-tailers","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatars","display_name":"avatars","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommendation-agents","display_name":"recommendation agents","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-cues","display_name":"atmospheric cues","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-test","display_name":"sign test","score":0.9010000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6638513803482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5721105337142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5506455898284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.45322853326797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44766780734062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.343172550201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.337424635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18774345517158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1747981309890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:68834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/the-effect-of-website-design-dimensions-on-initial-trust-a-synthesis-of-the-empirical-literature(1ae22542-1bed-48a7-be2c-ff1550bbb370).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:297655710","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jecr.org/sites/default/files/12_4_p04.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114268679","display_name":"Journal of electronic commerce research","issn_l":"1526-6133","issn":["1526-6133","1938-9027"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of electronic commerce research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10057299","https://openalex.org/W20100699","https://openalex.org/W73272602","https://openalex.org/W133604194","https://openalex.org/W155066672","https://openalex.org/W174086077","https://openalex.org/W329265358","https://openalex.org/W1482244801","https://openalex.org/W1515204934","https://openalex.org/W1551700376","https://openalex.org/W1553517776","https://openalex.org/W1560647893","https://openalex.org/W1574235309","https://openalex.org/W1598774053","https://openalex.org/W1707346075","https://openalex.org/W1964094691","https://openalex.org/W1968088366","https://openalex.org/W1969677670","https://openalex.org/W1972762788","https://openalex.org/W1977646262","https://openalex.org/W1982127302","https://openalex.org/W1983610455","https://openalex.org/W1986084420","https://openalex.org/W1987358418","https://openalex.org/W1995780063","https://openalex.org/W2000141706","https://openalex.org/W2001468398","https://openalex.org/W2002728951","https://openalex.org/W2004255104","https://openalex.org/W2004747337","https://openalex.org/W2006181802","https://openalex.org/W2009339868","https://openalex.org/W2012601422","https://openalex.org/W2013358199","https://openalex.org/W2022334480","https://openalex.org/W2023298992","https://openalex.org/W2023956941","https://openalex.org/W2037997748","https://openalex.org/W2041391853","https://openalex.org/W2044804146","https://openalex.org/W2047036688","https://openalex.org/W2047663422","https://openalex.org/W2053015694","https://openalex.org/W2053387420","https://openalex.org/W2062710857","https://openalex.org/W2070215749","https://openalex.org/W2070259589","https://openalex.org/W2071227093","https://openalex.org/W2071402614","https://openalex.org/W2073379693","https://openalex.org/W2073396684","https://openalex.org/W2081089760","https://openalex.org/W2081293903","https://openalex.org/W2083567949","https://openalex.org/W2085156821","https://openalex.org/W2093548531","https://openalex.org/W2093625697","https://openalex.org/W2099115353","https://openalex.org/W2103338169","https://openalex.org/W2105629216","https://openalex.org/W2107853206","https://openalex.org/W2110078189","https://openalex.org/W2110638361","https://openalex.org/W2112985895","https://openalex.org/W2114683899","https://openalex.org/W2120789618","https://openalex.org/W2125326971","https://openalex.org/W2126589862","https://openalex.org/W2132989616","https://openalex.org/W2140404194","https://openalex.org/W2142002502","https://openalex.org/W2142175015","https://openalex.org/W2147137292","https://openalex.org/W2149374429","https://openalex.org/W2157030752","https://openalex.org/W2164806821","https://openalex.org/W2166140580","https://openalex.org/W2169786955","https://openalex.org/W2293834668","https://openalex.org/W2318012210","https://openalex.org/W2407208338","https://openalex.org/W2523526324","https://openalex.org/W3122705134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096348155","https://openalex.org/W2383035183","https://openalex.org/W2104880705","https://openalex.org/W2042214850","https://openalex.org/W2494742770","https://openalex.org/W6997112215","https://openalex.org/W2121360465","https://openalex.org/W2184735300","https://openalex.org/W4238765401","https://openalex.org/W2132989616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1,429],"paper":[2,217,492],"aims":[3],"to":[4,38,219,305,330,358,495,512,551],"provide":[5,220],"an":[6,67,370],"integrative":[7],"review":[8,225,418],"of":[9,16,164,185,215,226,250,262,275,287,292,299,317,339,369,387,402,404,411,463,490,499,534,564],"the":[10,14,63,79,162,169,182,227,243,248,251,269,285,300,315,334,337,356,365,514,517,521,528,562],"experiment-based":[11,244],"literature":[12,64,80,202,229,417],"on":[13,230,254,421,447,466],"antecedents":[15,316,403],"initial":[17,96,195,231,318,341,360,468,507,543,565],"trust":[18,97,155,232,256,281,293,319,342,362,406,469,509,574],"in":[19,233,307,324,379,506,520,541,575],"a":[20,30,73,221,234,272,347,376,399,416,431,460,503],"business-to-consumer":[21,235],"(B2C)":[22,236],"e-commerce":[23,237],"setting.":[24],"To":[25,61],"that":[26,32,78,89,132,161,246,382,419],"end,":[27,557],"we":[28,65,129,241,558],"present":[29],"framework":[31],"classifies":[33],"trust-inducing":[34,422],"website":[35,187,198,423,500],"features":[36,167,425,449],"according":[37],"three":[39],"broad":[40],"dimensions,":[41],"namely":[42],"visual":[43,170],"design,":[44,50,199],"social":[45,172,438],"cue":[46,173,439],"design":[47,91,174,424,442,501],"and":[48,141,171,333,393,395,413,440,511,546,568],"content":[49,441],"because":[51,323],"comparing":[52],"studies":[53,245,446],"with":[54,72],"different":[55],"empirical":[56,83,228,445,522],"set-ups":[57],"requires":[58],"conceptual":[59],"clarity.":[60],"synthesize":[62,242],"use":[66],"advanced":[68],"vote-count":[69,204],"procedure":[70],"combined":[71],"sign":[74],"test.":[75],"We":[76,524],"find":[77,131,459],"provides":[81],"sound":[82],"support":[84,180,479],"for":[85,181,271,433,516],"our":[86],"general":[87,576],"hypothesis":[88],"web":[90,122],"cues":[92,108,189,465],"effectively":[93],"enhance":[94],"consumers'":[95,255],"towards":[98,257,294],"unfamiliar":[99,258],"online":[100,196,308,361,371,405,508,544,566,573],"vendors.":[101,259],"E-tailers":[102],"should":[103],"thus":[104,525],"consider":[105],"embedding":[106],"human-like":[107],"(i.e.,":[109,124],"facial":[110],"photos,":[111],"video":[112],"streams)":[113],"into":[114],"their":[115,288],"interfaces,":[116],"as":[117,119,138,146,148,153,408,436],"well":[118],"integrating":[120],"assistive":[121],"applications":[123,537],"avatars,":[125],"recommendation":[126],"agents).":[127],"Interestingly,":[128],"also":[130,159],"internally":[133],"provided":[134],"e-assurance":[135,150],"structures":[136],"(such":[137,152],"privacy/security":[139],"policies":[140],"vendor-specific":[142],"guarantees)":[143],"can":[144,278,363,538],"be":[145,539,552],"effective":[147,540],"paid":[149],"mechanisms":[151],"third-party":[154],"endorsements).":[156],"Our":[157],"overview":[158],"reveals":[160],"effectiveness":[163],"certain":[165],"trust-signalling":[166],"within":[168],"dimensions":[175,435],"is":[176,190,218,266,297,320,336,426,493],"still":[177,192,427],"under-researched.":[178],"The":[179,213,260,487],"positive":[183,461],"effect":[184],"such":[186,407,434],"atmospheric":[188],"therefore":[191,494],"weak.":[193],"Keywords:":[194],"trust,":[197,567],"B2C":[200],"e-commerce,":[201],"review,":[203],"method":[205],"(ProQuest:":[206],"...":[207],"denotes":[208],"formula":[209],"omitted.)":[210],"1.":[211],"Introduction":[212],"goal":[214,489],"this":[216,263,380,480,491,556],"selective":[222],"but":[223],"systematic":[224],"environment.":[238],"In":[239],"particular,":[240],"investigate":[247],"effects":[249],"e-tail":[252],"interface":[253,536],"choice":[261],"specific":[264],"topic":[265],"motivated":[267],"by":[268,282],"need":[270],"better":[273],"understanding":[274],"how":[276,569],"e-vendors":[277],"induce":[279],"consumer":[280,467],"adequately":[283],"choosing":[284],"characteristics":[286],"interfaces.":[289],"A":[290],"lack":[291],"Web":[295,535],"vendors":[296],"one":[298],"main":[301,488],"factors":[302],"deterring":[303],"consumers":[304],"engage":[306],"shopping":[309],"[Beatty":[310],"et":[311,352,390,473,484],"al.":[312,353,391,474,485],"2011].":[313],"Investigating":[314],"particularly":[321],"important":[322],"interactions":[325],"where":[326],"parties":[327],"are":[328,374],"unknown":[329],"each":[331],"other":[332],"internet":[335],"channel":[338],"communication,":[340],"determines":[343],"whether":[344],"or":[345,367],"not":[346,478],"transaction":[348],"will":[349],"occur":[350],"[Wakefield":[351],"2004].":[354],"Thus,":[355],"ability":[357],"evoke":[359],"determine":[364],"success":[366],"failure":[368],"retailer.":[372],"There":[373],"already":[375],"few":[377],"meta-studies":[378],"domain":[381],"have":[383],"summarized":[384],"large":[385],"bodies":[386],"evidence.":[388],"Beatty":[389],"[2011]":[392,397],"Jourdan":[394],"Ingram":[396],"offer":[398],"valuable":[400],"discussion":[401],"usefulness,":[409],"ease":[410],"use,":[412],"risk.":[414],"However,":[415],"focuses":[420],"missing.":[428],"holds":[430],"fortiori":[432],"visual,":[437],"features.":[443],"Moreover,":[444],"these":[448],"often":[450],"reach":[451],"contradictory":[452],"conclusions.":[453],"For":[454],"example,":[455],"while":[456],"some":[457],"authors":[458],"influence":[462],"institutional":[464],"formation":[470],"[e.g.,":[471,482],"Hu":[472],"2010],":[475],"others":[476],"do":[477],"claim":[481],"Bahmanziari":[483],"2009].":[486],"identify":[496],"what":[497],"elements":[498],"play":[502],"crucial":[504],"role":[505],"formation,":[510],"discuss":[513],"reasons":[515],"discrepancies":[518],"observed":[519],"research.":[523],"put":[526],"forward":[527],"following":[529],"research":[530],"questions:":[531],"What":[532,548],"kinds":[533],"stimulating":[542],"trust?,":[545],"also:":[547],"areas":[549],"remain":[550],"investigated":[553],"further?":[554],"Towards":[555],"first":[559],"briefly":[560],"explain":[561],"concept":[563],"it":[570],"differs":[571],"from":[572],"(Section":[577],"2).":[578],"\u2026":[579]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}