{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976375407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","title":"Drug Abuse-Related Neuroinflammation in Human Postmortem Brains: An Immunohistochemical Approach","display_name":"Drug Abuse-Related Neuroinflammation in Human Postmortem Brains: An Immunohistochemical Approach","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976375407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","mag":"2976375407","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31559425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnen/nlz084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38023437","display_name":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology","issn_l":"0022-3069","issn":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022330423","display_name":"Matteo Moretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-9366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-9366"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Moretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060297256","display_name":"Giacomo Belli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9322"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Belli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069261558","display_name":"Luca Morini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4584-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4584-5552"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Morini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037755930","display_name":"Maria Cristina Monti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-527X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-527X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Cristina Monti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065908892","display_name":"Antonio Marco Maria Osculati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-4885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-4885"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Marco Maria Osculati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001489408","display_name":"Silvia Damiana Vison\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-7087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7947-7087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Damiana Vison\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022330423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5036,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5036},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83832522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"11","first_page":"1059","last_page":"1065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-abuse","display_name":"drug abuse","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cocaine","display_name":"cocaine","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroin","display_name":"heroin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tight-junctions","display_name":"tight junctions","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zonula-occludens-1","display_name":"zonula occludens-1","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icam-1","display_name":"ICAM-1","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vcam-1","display_name":"VCAM-1","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd3-t-cells","display_name":"CD3+ T cells","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein","display_name":"glial fibrillary acidic protein","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmortem-brain","display_name":"postmortem brain","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-response","display_name":"glial response","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.9052883386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780495277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905442","display_name":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein","level":3,"score":0.6365159749984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.6180819272994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14901827","display_name":"VCAM-1","level":4,"score":0.5010228157043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4859579801559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.474604070186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.46138933300971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4190168082714081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.40455684065818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16224149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187637","display_name":"Cell adhesion molecule","level":2,"score":0.3763345777988434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3656444847583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31782829761505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185946421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3146527","display_name":"ICAM-1","level":3,"score":0.3136599361896515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.26808804273605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2163049876689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.16940078139305115}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001344","descriptor_name":"Autopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004660","descriptor_name":"Encephalitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004660","descriptor_name":"Encephalitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004660","descriptor_name":"Encephalitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006556","descriptor_name":"Heroin Dependence","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006556","descriptor_name":"Heroin Dependence","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006556","descriptor_name":"Heroin Dependence","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019970","descriptor_name":"Cocaine-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062787","descriptor_name":"Drug Overdose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062787","descriptor_name":"Drug Overdose","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/jnen/nlz084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38023437","display_name":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology","issn_l":"0022-3069","issn":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31559425","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31559425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W996935101","https://openalex.org/W1510310410","https://openalex.org/W1601347600","https://openalex.org/W1948291240","https://openalex.org/W1966237384","https://openalex.org/W1971213127","https://openalex.org/W1997190824","https://openalex.org/W2013378101","https://openalex.org/W2023756943","https://openalex.org/W2025412939","https://openalex.org/W2030819454","https://openalex.org/W2034840064","https://openalex.org/W2036308278","https://openalex.org/W2045660543","https://openalex.org/W2046844745","https://openalex.org/W2059231080","https://openalex.org/W2065170135","https://openalex.org/W2071518948","https://openalex.org/W2072331371","https://openalex.org/W2083470832","https://openalex.org/W2119532811","https://openalex.org/W2123230988","https://openalex.org/W2125411036","https://openalex.org/W2290971498","https://openalex.org/W2347076456","https://openalex.org/W2416517977","https://openalex.org/W2460780103","https://openalex.org/W2462345027","https://openalex.org/W2785000935","https://openalex.org/W3097864969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153451281","https://openalex.org/W2939893488","https://openalex.org/W2789345085","https://openalex.org/W1997911486","https://openalex.org/W2306201536","https://openalex.org/W2016441739","https://openalex.org/W2484254356","https://openalex.org/W2913977146","https://openalex.org/W2917608219","https://openalex.org/W2097641700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148],"aim":[1],"of":[2,56,62,128,139,150,183,195],"the":[3,115,136,151,180,193],"study":[4,153],"was":[5,82,97],"to":[6,100,191],"investigate":[7],"blood-brain":[8],"barrier":[9],"alterations,":[10],"neuroinflammation,":[11,125],"and":[12,35,68,87,121,130,188],"glial":[13,36],"responses":[14],"in":[15,74,78,168,171,185],"drug":[16,49,75,85,186],"abusers.":[17],"Five":[18],"immunohistochemical":[19],"markers":[20],"(CD3,":[21],"zonula":[22],"occludens-1":[23],"[ZO-1],":[24],"intracellular":[25],"adhesion":[26,32],"molecule":[27,33],"1":[28],"[ICAM-1],":[29],"vascular":[30],"cell":[31],"[VCAM-1],":[34],"fibrillary":[37],"acidic":[38],"protein":[39],"[GFAP])":[40],"were":[41,71],"assessed":[42],"on":[43],"postmortem":[44],"brain":[45,116],"samples":[46],"collected":[47],"from":[48,53,165],"abusers":[50,76,187],"who":[51],"died":[52],"acute":[54],"intoxication":[55],"cocaine,":[57],"heroin,":[58],"or":[59,170],"a":[60],"combination":[61],"both,":[63],"compared":[64],"with":[65,157],"controls.":[66,79,101],"CD3":[67],"ICAM-1":[69,129],"immunopositivity":[70,81,96],"significantly":[72,93],"stronger":[73],"than":[77],"VCAM-1":[80],"similar":[83],"across":[84],"abuser":[86],"control":[88],"groups.":[89],"In":[90],"heroin":[91,122],"abusers,":[92],"lower":[94],"ZO-1":[95,146],"observed":[98],"relative":[99],"GFAP":[102],"positivity":[103],"did":[104,117],"not":[105],"show":[106],"significant":[107],"differences":[108],"between":[109],"groups,":[110],"but":[111],"its":[112],"distribution":[113],"within":[114],"differ.":[118],"Both":[119],"cocaine":[120],"abuse":[123],"promoted":[124],"increasing":[126],"expression":[127],"recruiting":[131],"CD3+":[132],"lymphocytes.":[133],"Heroin":[134],"affected":[135],"molecular":[137],"integrity":[138],"tight":[140],"junctions,":[141],"as":[142],"reflected":[143],"by":[144],"reduced":[145],"expression.":[147],"outcomes":[149],"present":[152],"are,":[154],"overall,":[155],"consistent":[156],"prior":[158],"available":[159],"evidence,":[160],"which":[161],"is":[162],"almost":[163],"exclusively":[164],"studies":[166],"conducted":[167],"vitro":[169],"animal":[172],"models.":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"provide":[176],"important":[177],"information":[178],"about":[179],"downstream":[181],"consequences":[182],"neuroinflammation":[184],"may":[189],"help":[190],"inform":[192],"development":[194],"potential":[196],"therapeutic":[197],"targets.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-10-03T00:00:00"}