{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976168080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","title":"Mentally Challenging Occupations Are Associated With More Rapid Cognitive Decline at Later Stages of Cognitive Aging","display_name":"Mentally Challenging Occupations Are Associated With More Rapid Cognitive Decline at Later Stages of Cognitive Aging","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976168080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","mag":"2976168080","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31560775","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7955975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735447094","display_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B","issn_l":"1079-5014","issn":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7955975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061602481","display_name":"Jinshil Hyun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-065X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-065X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinshil Hyun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108463869","display_name":"Mindy Joy Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7524-0292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7524-0292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mindy J Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000448269","display_name":"Richard B. Lipton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-2897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-2897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard B Lipton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075873735","display_name":"Martin J. Sliwinski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-7558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-7558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J Sliwinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061602481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664"],"apc_list":{"value":4408,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4408},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83212587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"4","first_page":"671","last_page":"680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-complexity","display_name":"occupational complexity","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"cognitive aging","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement","display_name":"retirement","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory","display_name":"memory","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictionary-of-occupational-titles","display_name":"Dictionary of Occupational Titles","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/einstein-aging-study","display_name":"Einstein Aging Study","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-health","display_name":"cognitive health","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.8268800377845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7860280275344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.6161897778511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5358561277389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5103294253349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5042866468429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6057870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141248","display_name":"Cognitive test","level":3,"score":0.4705921411514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.4620837867259979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690755","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study","level":2,"score":0.42794784903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500499127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332154","display_name":"Ageing","level":2,"score":0.4252704977989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32946905493736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.23410555720329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066492","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012179","descriptor_name":"Retirement","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012179","descriptor_name":"Retirement","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016743","descriptor_name":"Mental Competency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056344","descriptor_name":"Executive Function","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058245","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Reserve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065840","descriptor_name":"Protective Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735447094","display_name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series B","issn_l":"1079-5014","issn":["1079-5014","1758-5368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7955975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7955975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31560775","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31560775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:geronb:v:76:y:2021:i:4:p:671-680.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/geronb/gbz122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7955975","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7955975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4033720201","display_name":"Einstein Aging Study","funder_award_id":"P01AG003949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000879067","display_name":"Psychosocial Determinants and Biological Pathways to Healthy Aging (Pathways)","funder_award_id":"T32AG049676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914703486","https://openalex.org/W1964356225","https://openalex.org/W1975823543","https://openalex.org/W1978063188","https://openalex.org/W2000555003","https://openalex.org/W2007861486","https://openalex.org/W2010176094","https://openalex.org/W2010846286","https://openalex.org/W2028050242","https://openalex.org/W2028388747","https://openalex.org/W2031601895","https://openalex.org/W2037403969","https://openalex.org/W2040330242","https://openalex.org/W2040867760","https://openalex.org/W2044437929","https://openalex.org/W2060523616","https://openalex.org/W2064193408","https://openalex.org/W2065971926","https://openalex.org/W2070148953","https://openalex.org/W2079588284","https://openalex.org/W2083900893","https://openalex.org/W2084488497","https://openalex.org/W2086607899","https://openalex.org/W2092932101","https://openalex.org/W2103860290","https://openalex.org/W2104897414","https://openalex.org/W2107551763","https://openalex.org/W2110683066","https://openalex.org/W2115077024","https://openalex.org/W2133350752","https://openalex.org/W2139309087","https://openalex.org/W2140031808","https://openalex.org/W2157174978","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2164372289","https://openalex.org/W2169253949","https://openalex.org/W2307117368","https://openalex.org/W2325720452","https://openalex.org/W2362692772","https://openalex.org/W2479587332","https://openalex.org/W2616087435","https://openalex.org/W2739898982","https://openalex.org/W2742518590","https://openalex.org/W2940172103","https://openalex.org/W3121717054","https://openalex.org/W3123441975","https://openalex.org/W4233822389","https://openalex.org/W4250122895","https://openalex.org/W4250970642","https://openalex.org/W4251404648","https://openalex.org/W4281687410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616087435","https://openalex.org/W2064193408","https://openalex.org/W3138113064","https://openalex.org/W2899586602","https://openalex.org/W3111482905","https://openalex.org/W3014268681","https://openalex.org/W3006341476","https://openalex.org/W4365479880","https://openalex.org/W2169253949","https://openalex.org/W7141184007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Engaging":[1],"in":[2,37,99,139,143,151],"mentally":[3,38],"challenging":[4,39],"activities":[5],"is":[6,32,41],"associated":[7,131,191],"with":[8,19,84,132,192],"reduced":[9],"risk":[10],"for":[11,168,186],"cognitive":[12,22,46,137,159,187,198,205],"impairment":[13],"and":[14,82,102,141],"dementia;":[15],"however,":[16],"its":[17],"association":[18],"rates":[20,44,135],"of":[21,29,45,56,76,88,94,136,164,177,204],"decline":[23,138,199],"has":[24],"been":[25],"inconsistent.":[26],"The":[27,53,180],"aim":[28],"this":[30],"study":[31,119],"to":[33,43,173],"test":[34],"whether":[35],"working":[36],"occupations":[40],"related":[42],"change":[47],"at":[48,201],"later":[49,202],"older":[50],"adulthood.":[51],"METHOD:":[52],"sample":[54],"consisted":[55],"1,520":[57],"individuals":[58],"(baseline":[59],"mean":[60],"age":[61],"=":[62,67],"78.6":[63],"\u00b1":[64],"5.1,":[65],"range":[66],"64-100)":[68],"from":[69,91,115,118,123,146,154],"the":[70,85,92,144,152,161],"Einstein":[71],"Aging":[72],"Study.":[73],"Occupation":[74],"information":[75],"each":[77],"participant":[78],"was":[79,130],"collected":[80],"retrospectively":[81],"linked":[83],"substantive":[86],"complexity":[87,129,166],"work":[89],"score":[90],"Dictionary":[93],"Occupational":[95],"Titles.":[96],"Cognitive":[97],"changes":[98],"memory,":[100],"speed,":[101],"executive":[103],"function":[104],"(EF)":[105],"domains":[106],"were":[107],"represented":[108],"using":[109],"two":[110],"time":[111,114,117],"metrics":[112],"(i.e.,":[113],"retirement,":[116],"enrollment).":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"Results":[122],"mixed":[124],"models":[125],"showed":[126],"that":[127,183],"occupational":[128,165],"significantly":[133],"faster":[134,158],"speed":[140],"EF":[142],"\"time":[145,153],"retirement\"":[147],"model":[148],"but":[149,195],"not":[150],"baseline\"":[155],"model.":[156],"Despite":[157],"loss,":[160],"protective":[162,184],"effect":[163],"persisted":[167],"decades":[169],"after":[170],"retirement":[171],"due":[172],"higher":[174],"initial":[175],"levels":[176],"cognition.":[178],"DISCUSSION:":[179],"result":[181],"suggests":[182],"factors":[185],"health":[188],"may":[189],"be":[190],"delayed":[193],"onset":[194],"more":[196],"rapid":[197],"afterwards":[200],"stages":[203],"aging.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-10-03T00:00:00"}