{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974800293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","title":"Side Chain and Solvent Direction of Film Morphology in Small-Molecule Organic Solar Materials","display_name":"Side Chain and Solvent Direction of Film Morphology in Small-Molecule Organic Solar Materials","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974800293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","mag":"2974800293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66104727","display_name":"Chemistry of Materials","issn_l":"0897-4756","issn":["0897-4756","1520-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574135","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042847906","display_name":"Eric F. Manley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric F. Manley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States","Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047152778","display_name":"Tobias Harschneck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Harschneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065467589","display_name":"Nicholas D. Eastham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas D. Eastham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076805152","display_name":"Matthew J. Leonardi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Leonardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030538299","display_name":"Nan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-1264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-1264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanjia Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086014634","display_name":"Joseph W. Strzalka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-8932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-8932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Strzalka","raw_affiliation_strings":["X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-8932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108637684","display_name":"Robert P. H. Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. H. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014620636","display_name":"Lin X. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-6687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-6687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin X. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States","Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-6687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000731301","display_name":"Tobin Jay Marks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-0141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-0141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087539","display_name":"Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes","ror":"https://ror.org/004x7d471","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I32971472","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tobin J. Marks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP) \u00a0and\u00a0 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-0141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP) \u00a0and\u00a0 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Materials Research Center, and the Center, for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes (LEAP), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000731301","https://openalex.org/A5014620636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I4210087539"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67655815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"20","first_page":"8308","last_page":"8319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11471","display_name":"Block Copolymer Self-Assembly","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cells","display_name":"organic solar cells","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-morphology","display_name":"film morphology","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-chain-engineering","display_name":"side-chain engineering","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1-8-diiodooctane-additive","display_name":"1,8-diiodooctane additive","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-solvent","display_name":"processing solvent","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-transport-pathways","display_name":"charge transport pathways","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallization","display_name":"crystallization","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pc71bm","display_name":"PC71BM","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"power conversion efficiency","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donor-acceptor-blends","display_name":"donor-acceptor blends","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204921945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899689","display_name":"Side chain","level":3,"score":0.7887477874755859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.7098031640052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779892579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912138","display_name":"Acceptor","level":2,"score":0.692272961139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6920108199119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94003879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933714","display_name":"Organic semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5558421015739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.5528969168663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.48861628770828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4468129277229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.44267672300338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.43197867274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4233481287956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3756510019302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.328921914100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3087038993835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.27613604068756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.240320086479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.20211419463157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1817409098148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.07451695203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66104727","display_name":"Chemistry of Materials","issn_l":"0897-4756","issn":["0897-4756","1520-5002"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry of Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1574135","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1574135","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1574135","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1574135","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574135","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G107546177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE- AC02-06-CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1286251239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1313983767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1664757510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02\u201306CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1794054907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DESC0001059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1908987099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G209178635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7-286-1-046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G222768804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010FG02\u2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2287611682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02\u201006CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2379832748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2491707747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0001059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G262962599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02\u201006CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2895759471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG02-08ER46536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3075337988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","funder_display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G318734614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR\u20101121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","funder_display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3589692066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3954585026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","funder_display_name":"Northwestern University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G408755967","display_name":"MATERIALS SCIENCE OF ELECTRODES AND INTERFACES FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS","funder_award_id":"FG02-08ER46536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G426311843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC- 02-06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4466773180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FG02-08ER46536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498139845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G513797252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02\u201306CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5387317844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC02\u201006CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5648016710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-FG02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6066762027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-1121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","funder_display_name":"Northwestern University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6848031779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6918803902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7178204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7185980932","display_name":"MATERIALS SCIENCE OF ELECTRODES AND INTERFACES FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS","funder_award_id":"FG02-08ER46536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7583137537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"06CH11357","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G809240154","display_name":"CEMRI: Multifunctional Nanoscale Material Structures","funder_award_id":"1121262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8172060556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SC0001059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","funder_display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8678857631","display_name":"ARGONNE-NORTHWESTERN SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH (ANSER) CENTER -- EFRC","funder_award_id":"DESC0001059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G969889393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G993149817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC02-06CH11357 ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qa5ep47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334183","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Northwestern University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mg91w61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974800293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2974800293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1452563071","https://openalex.org/W1964754116","https://openalex.org/W1975441946","https://openalex.org/W1977797051","https://openalex.org/W1978381295","https://openalex.org/W1985119501","https://openalex.org/W1988567331","https://openalex.org/W1992170433","https://openalex.org/W1992312646","https://openalex.org/W2001957798","https://openalex.org/W2010127852","https://openalex.org/W2011184332","https://openalex.org/W2018357752","https://openalex.org/W2019758775","https://openalex.org/W2023949702","https://openalex.org/W2025392418","https://openalex.org/W2035050939","https://openalex.org/W2039618794","https://openalex.org/W2040669916","https://openalex.org/W2047951832","https://openalex.org/W2049309314","https://openalex.org/W2049575788","https://openalex.org/W2049989245","https://openalex.org/W2051056005","https://openalex.org/W2065921105","https://openalex.org/W2081205739","https://openalex.org/W2085123660","https://openalex.org/W2086395502","https://openalex.org/W2086942418","https://openalex.org/W2087572236","https://openalex.org/W2088844060","https://openalex.org/W2091691688","https://openalex.org/W2092118176","https://openalex.org/W2095070592","https://openalex.org/W2097918638","https://openalex.org/W2101089454","https://openalex.org/W2108245541","https://openalex.org/W2114568475","https://openalex.org/W2131111377","https://openalex.org/W2136595287","https://openalex.org/W2153028269","https://openalex.org/W2154580778","https://openalex.org/W2223208841","https://openalex.org/W2229481159","https://openalex.org/W2248772765","https://openalex.org/W2288989527","https://openalex.org/W2299796869","https://openalex.org/W2300210483","https://openalex.org/W2301505923","https://openalex.org/W2314711312","https://openalex.org/W2314852583","https://openalex.org/W2317506299","https://openalex.org/W2317760043","https://openalex.org/W2324978604","https://openalex.org/W2332684359","https://openalex.org/W2416098265","https://openalex.org/W2480857572","https://openalex.org/W2503282689","https://openalex.org/W2507114957","https://openalex.org/W2512985122","https://openalex.org/W2530175031","https://openalex.org/W2562114192","https://openalex.org/W2568046232","https://openalex.org/W2571394977","https://openalex.org/W2601255701","https://openalex.org/W2605617766","https://openalex.org/W2606286126","https://openalex.org/W2610608247","https://openalex.org/W2615203216","https://openalex.org/W2622251456","https://openalex.org/W2622784487","https://openalex.org/W2743730887","https://openalex.org/W2758165451","https://openalex.org/W2761394301","https://openalex.org/W2795196444","https://openalex.org/W2803016063","https://openalex.org/W2803759921","https://openalex.org/W2896954633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140608502","https://openalex.org/W3114054908","https://openalex.org/W3015680343","https://openalex.org/W4409648122","https://openalex.org/W3206209462","https://openalex.org/W3208700009","https://openalex.org/W3158557626","https://openalex.org/W2755629099","https://openalex.org/W2806484274","https://openalex.org/W7150922620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Film":[0],"morphology":[1,20],"control":[2],"is":[3,67,135],"essential":[4],"to":[5,16,32,191],"developing":[6],"materials":[7,31],"for":[8,240],"efficient":[9,200],"organic":[10],"solar":[11],"cells":[12],"(OSCs).":[13],"Unlocking":[14],"methods":[15],"optimize":[17],"the":[18,23,62,68,91,107,110,125,131,138,141,150,156,177,183,228],"film":[19,157],"without":[21],"changing":[22],"fundamental":[24],"electronic":[25],"characteristics":[26],"can":[27],"enable":[28],"previously":[29],"unacceptable":[30],"achieve":[33],"high":[34],"performance.":[35],"Here,":[36],"a":[37,161,171],"series":[38],"of":[39,81,106,124],"acceptor/donor/acceptor":[40],"small-molecule":[41],"p-type":[42],"OSC":[43,145],"semiconductors":[44],"having":[45,176],"benzo[1,2-":[46],"b:6,5-":[47],"b":[48],"0]dithiophene":[49],"(bBDT)":[50],"donor":[51],"units":[52,58,96],"and":[53,94,120,144,199,249],"thiophene-capped":[54],"diketopyrrolopyrrole":[55],"(TDPP)":[56],"acceptor":[57],"are":[59,97,238],"examined,":[60],"where":[61,227],"sole":[63],"molecular":[64],"design":[65],"variation":[66],"electronically":[69],"inactive":[70],"side":[71,88,126,151,173,180,229,246],"chains.":[72],"Four":[73],"bBDT(TDPP)":[74],"2":[75],"molecules":[76,169],"with":[77,109,149,170],"all":[78],"possible":[79],"combinations":[80],"either":[82],"2-ethylhexyl":[83],"(EH)":[84],"or":[85],"3,7-dimethyloctyl":[86],"(DMO)":[87],"chains":[89],"on":[90,182],"bBDT":[92,184],"core":[93,185],"TDPP":[95],"discussed.":[98],"When":[99],"processed":[100],"from":[101],"chloroform-only":[102],"solutions,":[103],"blend":[104],"films":[105],"molecules,":[108],"PC":[111],"71":[112],"BM":[113],"electron":[114],"acceptor,":[115],"exhibit":[116],"similar":[117],"thin-film":[118],"properties":[119,143],"photovoltaic":[121],"performance,":[122],"regardless":[123],"chain":[127,152,174,181,230,247],"composition.":[128],"However,":[129],"when":[130],"additive":[132],"1,8-diiodooctane":[133],"(DIO)":[134],"included":[136],"in":[137,160,164],"processing":[139,250],"solution,":[140],"morphological":[142,242],"performance":[146,189],"diverge":[147],"dramatically,":[148],"variations":[153],"now":[154],"dictating":[155],"morphology,":[158],"resulting":[159],">400%":[162],"spread":[163],"power":[165],"conversion":[166],"efficiency.":[167],"Donor":[168],"mixed":[172],"motif":[175],"larger":[178],"DMO":[179],"unit":[186],"deliver":[187],"superior":[188],"owing":[190],"greater":[192,233],"donor/acceptor":[193],"phase":[194],"intermixing":[195],"while":[196],"maintaining":[197],"contiguous":[198],"charge":[201],"transport":[202],"pathways.":[203],"In":[204],"situ":[205],"grazing":[206],"incidence":[207],"wide-angle":[208],"X-ray":[209],"scattering":[210],"data":[211],"acquired":[212],"during":[213],"spin-coating":[214],"show":[215],"that":[216],"DIO":[217],"extends":[218],"crystallization":[219],"times,":[220],"thereby":[221],"promoting":[222],"more":[223],"thermodynamically":[224],"driven":[225],"structures,":[226],"compositions":[231],"have":[232],"impact.":[234],"Finally,":[235],"general":[236],"guidelines":[237],"presented":[239],"achieving":[241],"optimization":[243],"via":[244],"combined":[245],"engineering":[248],"additives.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2019-09-26T00:00:00"}