{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973608166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","title":"Computational Thinking and Robotics: A Teaching Experience in Compulsory Secondary Education with Students with High Degree of Apathy and Demotivation","display_name":"Computational Thinking and Robotics: A Teaching Experience in Compulsory Secondary Education with Students with High Degree of Apathy and Demotivation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973608166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","mag":"2973608166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11185109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/18/5109/pdf?version=1568804120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/18/5109/pdf?version=1568804120","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040798793","display_name":"Belkis D\u00edaz-Lauzurica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-616X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-616X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belkis D\u00edaz-Lauzurica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091151360","display_name":"David Moreno-Salinas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Moreno-Salinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Automatic Control, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091151360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":4.6705,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94101195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"18","first_page":"5109","last_page":"5109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14335","display_name":"Educational Robotics and Engineering","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"computational thinking","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics-education","display_name":"robotics education","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-apathy","display_name":"student apathy","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demotivation","display_name":"demotivation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-education","display_name":"secondary education","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockly","display_name":"Blockly","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamification","display_name":"gamification","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-education","display_name":"inclusive education","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sdg-4","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goal 4","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-research","display_name":"action research","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.6809936165809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.6526408195495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5820544958114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183889225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341299","display_name":"Educational robotics","level":4,"score":0.5601532459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5173484683036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5162087082862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776509080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309406","display_name":"Apathy","level":3,"score":0.492887020111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4640340805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4528074264526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4313850998878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33296990394592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3285679519176483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.32367485761642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.31162261962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.10355749726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11185109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/18/5109/pdf?version=1568804120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:18:p:5109-:d:268350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/18/5109/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf4999f9709946a597d70a053262c8ee","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf4999f9709946a597d70a053262c8ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 18, p 5109 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-spacio.uned.es:20.500.14468/25980","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14468/25980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055166","display_name":"UNED repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11185109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/18/5109/pdf?version=1568804120","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2576809397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2017-84259-C2-2-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7086268154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GID2016-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323261","funder_display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323261","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973608166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2973608166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155736789","https://openalex.org/W225894569","https://openalex.org/W646675392","https://openalex.org/W1495325757","https://openalex.org/W1520694115","https://openalex.org/W1534181860","https://openalex.org/W1541046134","https://openalex.org/W1586647233","https://openalex.org/W1796618217","https://openalex.org/W1988245166","https://openalex.org/W1990060255","https://openalex.org/W1996471421","https://openalex.org/W2018037215","https://openalex.org/W2039470207","https://openalex.org/W2041287929","https://openalex.org/W2071892601","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2147141371","https://openalex.org/W2165568289","https://openalex.org/W2243496244","https://openalex.org/W2321500347","https://openalex.org/W2336886837","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2464297739","https://openalex.org/W2475298322","https://openalex.org/W2478911292","https://openalex.org/W2509333660","https://openalex.org/W2560188185","https://openalex.org/W2563890220","https://openalex.org/W2570172825","https://openalex.org/W2604247608","https://openalex.org/W2740244307","https://openalex.org/W2744610599","https://openalex.org/W2760124092","https://openalex.org/W2905898518","https://openalex.org/W2938621203","https://openalex.org/W4249557810","https://openalex.org/W6884920600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810813436","https://openalex.org/W4387303205","https://openalex.org/W4399199155","https://openalex.org/W2561935690","https://openalex.org/W2918865954","https://openalex.org/W7019209281","https://openalex.org/W4392951354","https://openalex.org/W7172100568","https://openalex.org/W4394570509","https://openalex.org/W2556529571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,173],"present":[1,95,224],"and":[2,16,30,38,45,76,112,130,140,160,164,168,198,213,218,252,263,282],"future":[3],"society,":[4],"all":[5,61,65],"individuals":[6,66],"must":[7,57],"be":[8,58,291],"able":[9],"to":[10,72,102,120,162,175,192,199,202,211,223,256,264],"face":[11],"the":[12,25,69,84,94,110,115,132,166,171,176,195,203,215,219,225,236,248,258,261,271,294],"problems,":[13],"risks,":[14],"advantages":[15],"opportunities":[17,71],"that":[18,152,247,278,289],"will":[19,290],"arrive":[20],"with":[21,42,184,240,287],"new":[22],"paradigms":[23],"in":[24,48,80,93,122],"labour":[26],"market,":[27],"social":[28],"relations":[29],"technology.":[31],"To":[32],"reach":[33],"this":[34,91],"goal,":[35],"a":[36,43,97,135,154,179,229,241,266],"quality":[37],"inclusive":[39],"education":[40],"together":[41],"proper":[44],"complete":[46],"formation":[47],"technology":[49],"(communications,":[50],"robotics,":[51],"programming,":[52],"computational":[53,181],"thinking":[54,182],"(CT),":[55],"etc.)":[56],"imparted":[59],"at":[60],"educational":[62],"levels.":[63],"Moreover,":[64,207],"should":[67],"have":[68,279],"same":[70],"develop":[73],"their":[74,123],"skills":[75],"knowledge,":[77,217],"as":[78],"stated":[79],"Goal":[81],"4":[82],"of":[83,114,126,138,157,170,205,235,260,273],"Sustainable":[85,88],"Development":[86],"Goals,":[87],"Education.":[89],"Following":[90],"trend,":[92],"work,":[96],"practical":[98],"experience":[99],"about":[100],"how":[101,270],"teach":[103],"CT":[104,274],"using":[105],"robotics":[106,118,177],"is":[107],"developed,":[108],"showing":[109,269],"results":[111,245],"evaluation":[113,253],"lessons":[116],"on":[117,147],"taught":[119],"students":[121,133,196,220,237,262,277],"4th":[124],"year":[125],"compulsory":[127],"secondary":[128],"education,":[129],"where":[131],"showed":[134],"high":[136],"degree":[137],"apathy":[139],"demotivation.":[141],"The":[142,232,244],"teaching":[143,272],"unit":[144],"was":[145,187,209],"based":[146],"an":[148],"action":[149],"research":[150],"approach":[151],"includes":[153],"careful":[155],"selection":[156],"pedagogical":[158,249],"techniques":[159],"instruments":[161,251],"attract":[163,276],"keep":[165],"attention":[167],"interest":[169,281],"students.":[172],"addition":[174],"lessons,":[178],"previous":[180],"training":[183],"Blockly":[185],"Games":[186],"carried":[188],"out,":[189],"which":[190],"contributed":[191],"noticeably":[193],"increase":[194,257],"motivation":[197,259],"introduce":[200],"them":[201,286],"programming":[204],"robots.":[206],"gamification":[208],"used":[210],"motivate":[212],"evaluate":[214],"individual":[216,233],"were":[221,238,254],"required":[222],"work":[226],"performed":[227],"through":[228],"final":[230],"project.":[231],"needs":[234],"fulfilled":[239],"daily":[242],"monitoring.":[243],"show":[246],"techniques,":[250],"adequate":[255],"obtain":[265],"significant":[267],"learning,":[268],"may":[275],"lost":[280],"motivation,":[283],"while":[284],"providing":[285],"abilities":[288],"essential":[292],"for":[293],"learning":[295],"throughout":[296],"life.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-09-26T00:00:00"}
