{"id":"https://openalex.org/W29721544","doi":null,"title":"Epistemic internalism: an explanation and defense.","display_name":"Epistemic internalism: an explanation and defense.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W29721544","mag":"29721544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/959267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/959267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W29721544"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/959267","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112404839","display_name":"Brent J C Madison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brent J C Madison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112404839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-internalism","display_name":"epistemic internalism","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-justification","display_name":"epistemic justification","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-externalism","display_name":"epistemic externalism","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-beliefs","display_name":"higher-order beliefs","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-inferential-justification","display_name":"non-inferential justification","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"reliability","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-content","display_name":"mental content","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-status","display_name":"epistemic status","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscious-awareness","display_name":"conscious awareness","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truthlikeness","display_name":"verisimilitude","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124969852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185050","display_name":"Internalism and externalism","level":2,"score":0.9535752534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159977948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2408329","display_name":"Externalism","level":2,"score":0.7860456705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.782441258430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68435242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669180","display_name":"Doxastic logic","level":2,"score":0.7209873795509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.630964994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5507687330245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.5350568890571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.49938511848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4576013386249542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.45684516429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4389254152774811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.43399131298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777239683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811","display_name":"Virtue","level":2,"score":0.4280407726764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3455778956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12142270803451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/959267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/959267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1444320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444320/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, University of London.","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:29721544","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444320/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508234","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, University of London.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, University of London.","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/959267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/959267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10325380","https://openalex.org/W121666404","https://openalex.org/W164223539","https://openalex.org/W173038773","https://openalex.org/W176409269","https://openalex.org/W205727057","https://openalex.org/W333307166","https://openalex.org/W606819821","https://openalex.org/W617026762","https://openalex.org/W651436838","https://openalex.org/W1504553351","https://openalex.org/W1511918851","https://openalex.org/W1521787526","https://openalex.org/W1529764976","https://openalex.org/W1534160251","https://openalex.org/W1570100281","https://openalex.org/W1602939817","https://openalex.org/W1604457403","https://openalex.org/W1964003856","https://openalex.org/W1966129247","https://openalex.org/W2009127896","https://openalex.org/W2013116704","https://openalex.org/W2021823630","https://openalex.org/W2022251420","https://openalex.org/W2026828295","https://openalex.org/W2027280137","https://openalex.org/W2041984916","https://openalex.org/W2044428372","https://openalex.org/W2062493771","https://openalex.org/W2076686715","https://openalex.org/W2076867371","https://openalex.org/W2084236803","https://openalex.org/W2088726145","https://openalex.org/W2106037613","https://openalex.org/W2111674543","https://openalex.org/W2131589257","https://openalex.org/W2133028849","https://openalex.org/W2136357310","https://openalex.org/W2145829324","https://openalex.org/W2148982922","https://openalex.org/W2151075651","https://openalex.org/W2152321927","https://openalex.org/W2167600184","https://openalex.org/W2167644634","https://openalex.org/W2170490457","https://openalex.org/W2171260076","https://openalex.org/W2171734057","https://openalex.org/W2177813803","https://openalex.org/W2312276276","https://openalex.org/W2339007761","https://openalex.org/W2478456423","https://openalex.org/W2501905162","https://openalex.org/W2505340446","https://openalex.org/W2506162990","https://openalex.org/W2523843911","https://openalex.org/W2734712244","https://openalex.org/W3128581731","https://openalex.org/W4301949865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229548872","https://openalex.org/W2156893486","https://openalex.org/W1584555450","https://openalex.org/W1981355556","https://openalex.org/W7057346955","https://openalex.org/W2505340446","https://openalex.org/W1495184889","https://openalex.org/W6922355467","https://openalex.org/W2001234860","https://openalex.org/W2090103933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0,352],"does":[1],"it":[2,37,125,215,462,470,491,526],"take":[3],"for":[4,31,273,277,367,392,417],"a":[5,18,26,33,81,185,294,326,418,545],"positive":[6,19,66,419],"epistemic":[7,20,67,107,393,399,438,457,460,468,508,549],"status":[8,21,68],"to":[9,63,85,170,184,200,349,426,441,556],"obtain":[10],"I":[11,142,156,166,231,251,275,297,310,332,404,430,444,539],"argue":[12,253,276,298,333,405,445,540],"throughout":[13],"my":[14,113],"thesis":[15,96,114,497,515],"that":[16,74,83,116,144,179,218,236,254,299,324,334,356,409,434,446,517,541,553],"if":[17,30,124,525],"obtains,":[22],"this":[23,121,164,243,278,300,496,522],"is":[24,35,38,52,90,97,115,118,208,212,216,328,353,355,390,453,459,467,471,479,488,498,516,519,544],"not":[25,271],"brute":[27],"fact.":[28],"Instead,":[29],"example":[32],"belief":[34,285],"justified,":[36],"justified":[39,284],"in":[40,50,120,286,293,305,372,521],"virtue":[41],"of":[42,55,58,69,93,102,106,112,133,188,193,222,264,307,345,376,386,421,503,507,513,534,548],"some":[43],"further":[44],"condition(s)":[45],"obtaining.":[46],"A":[47],"fundamental":[48],"topic":[49],"epistemology":[51],"the":[53,65,91,131,134,151,158,174,219,247,259,265,268,287,335,357,374,384,401,422,427,432,442,447,483,514,532,535],"question":[54],"what":[56,155,230,282,395,489],"sorts":[57],"factors":[59,76,554],"can":[60,128,529],"be":[61,78,86,201,225,350],"relevant":[62,220],"determining":[64],"belief.":[70],"Epistemic":[71,88,476],"Internalism":[72],"holds":[73],"these":[75],"must":[77,224],"\"internal\"":[79,119,520],"(in":[80],"sense":[82,122,523],"needs":[84],"specified).":[87],"Externalism":[89],"denial":[92],"internalism.":[94,308],"My":[95,227],"an":[98,103,146,171,499,504],"explanation":[99,500],"and":[100,168,240,451,501,552],"defense":[101,502],"internalist":[104,505],"theory":[105,506],"justification.":[108,274,509],"The":[109,510],"central":[110,511],"claim":[111,512],"something":[117,518],"only":[123,524],"is,":[126,456,527],"or":[127,203,262,528],"easily":[129,530],"be,":[130,531],"object":[132,533],"agent's":[135,536],"conscious":[136,537,542],"awareness.":[137,538],"By":[138],"considering":[139],"key":[140,354],"cases,":[141],"show":[143],"without":[145],"awareness":[147,175,181,207,223,336,543],"requirement":[148,176,337],"on":[149,464],"justification,":[150,394,477],"subject":[152],"cannot":[153],"avoid":[154],"call":[157,232],"Subject's":[159,248],"Perspective":[160,249],"Objection.":[161,250],"In":[162,330,400,494],"developing":[163],"objection":[165],"examine":[167],"respond":[169],"argument":[172],"against":[173,406],"which":[177,343,377,487],"claims":[178],"such":[180,206,257,325],"either":[182],"leads":[183],"vicious":[186],"regress":[187,211],"requiring":[189,205],"higher":[190],"order":[191],"beliefs":[192,198],"increasing":[194],"complexity":[195],"(if":[196],"any":[197],"are":[199,270,360,379,436],"justified),":[202],"else":[204],"unmotivated.":[209],"This":[210],"generated":[213],"because":[214,461,469],"assumed":[217],"kind":[221],"doxastic.":[226],"solution":[228],"invokes":[229],"'strong":[233],"non-doxastic":[234],"awareness'":[235],"grounds":[237],"non-inferential":[238],"justification":[239,397,411,450,458,550],"thereby":[241],"avoids":[242],"dilemma,":[244],"while":[245],"meeting":[246],"also":[252],"external":[255,555],"factors,":[256],"as":[258,414,416,440],"reliability":[260,389],"(actual":[261],"conditional)":[263],"mechanism":[266],"supporting":[267],"belief,":[269],"necessary":[272,391,546],"conclusion":[279],"by":[280,315,318],"comparing":[281],"constitutes":[283],"actual":[288],"world":[289],"with":[290,412,474,482],"one's":[291],"counterpart":[292],"'demon":[295],"world'.":[296],"intuition,":[301],"correctly":[302],"interpreted,":[303],"counts":[304],"favour":[306],"As":[309,425],"explain,":[311],"many":[312],"philosophers":[313],"moved":[314],"arguments":[316],"presented":[317],"externalists":[319],"about":[320],"mental":[321],"content":[322,346],"deny":[323],"case":[327],"possible.":[329],"opposition":[331],"remains":[338],"substantially":[339],"unaffected,":[340],"no":[341,559],"matter":[342],"view":[344],"turns":[347,463],"out":[348],"correct.":[351],"two":[358],"worlds":[359],"completely":[361],"subjectively":[362],"indistinguishable":[363],"from":[364],"each":[365],"other":[366],"those":[368],"who":[369],"inhabit":[370],"them":[371],"all":[373],"ways":[375],"they":[378,435],"consciously":[380],"aware.":[381],"If":[382],"neither":[383],"obtaining":[385],"truth":[387,423,452,484],"nor":[388],"makes":[396,490],"genuinely":[398],"final":[402],"chapter":[403],"recent":[407],"work":[408],"assimilates":[410],"knowledge,":[413],"well":[415],"account":[420],"connection.":[424],"former":[428],"question,":[429],"defend":[431],"orthodoxy":[433],"distinct":[437],"statuses":[439],"latter,":[443],"connection":[448],"between":[449],"conceptual.":[454],"That":[455],"evidence,":[465],"evidence":[466],"conceptually":[472,480],"linked":[473,481],"truth.":[475],"therefore,":[478],"(via":[485],"evidence),":[486],"distinctively":[492],"epistemic.":[493],"short,":[495],"condition":[547],"obtaining,":[551],"consciousness":[557],"play":[558],"justificatory":[560],"role.":[561]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
