{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971908690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.00617","title":"Reinforcement Learning-based Automatic Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Abdominal CT","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning-based Automatic Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Abdominal CT","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971908690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.00617","mag":"2971908690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1909.00617","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00617","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2971908690"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00617","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075840423","display_name":"Walid Abdullah Al","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-1268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-1268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al, Walid Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronic Systems Engineering , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin , Gyeonggi , 17035 South Korea","Department of Radiology , Seoul National Univer- sity Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Gyeonggi , 13620 South Korea","Hankuk University of Foreign Studies#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronic Systems Engineering , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin , Gyeonggi , 17035 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology , Seoul National Univer- sity Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Gyeonggi , 13620 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103093001","display_name":"Il Dong Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-8897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-8897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun, Il Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hankuk University of Foreign Studies#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059748854","display_name":"Kyong Joon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-433X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-433X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83436808","display_name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/051q2m369","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Kyong Joon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electronic Systems Engineering , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin , Gyeonggi , 17035 South Korea","Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electronic Systems Engineering , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies , Yongin , Gyeonggi , 17035 South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83436808"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11473","display_name":"Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11473","display_name":"Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.12849999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.10220000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-appendicitis","display_name":"acute appendicitis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-ct","display_name":"abdominal CT","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning-agents","display_name":"reinforcement learning agents","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-emergency","display_name":"surgical emergency","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7921571","display_name":"Vermiform","level":3,"score":0.8829364776611328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776364125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9656","display_name":"Appendix","level":2,"score":0.8684780597686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780016130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121041","display_name":"Appendicitis","level":2,"score":0.7467066645622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018581240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121041","display_name":"Acute appendicitis","level":2,"score":0.6830029487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6697707772254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6298790574073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5592086911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5562665462493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.484239786863327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4406573176383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40601372718811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.39004307985305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36802345514297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.2510244846343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1909.00617","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00617","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2971908690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00617.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.00617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.00617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.00617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1909.00617","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00617","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.00617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8928356714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B4004503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971908690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2971908690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1750542318","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2098176817","https://openalex.org/W2130297910","https://openalex.org/W2322371438","https://openalex.org/W2343172899","https://openalex.org/W2510224130","https://openalex.org/W2524399695","https://openalex.org/W2526653212","https://openalex.org/W2608231518","https://openalex.org/W2616736149","https://openalex.org/W2744692634","https://openalex.org/W2767016695","https://openalex.org/W2771590529","https://openalex.org/W2796345789","https://openalex.org/W2898197178","https://openalex.org/W2902874468","https://openalex.org/W2903819949","https://openalex.org/W2912109204","https://openalex.org/W3118608800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034225237","https://openalex.org/W4401809163","https://openalex.org/W4408160700","https://openalex.org/W4405125272","https://openalex.org/W4410986585","https://openalex.org/W4407754977","https://openalex.org/W4412463876","https://openalex.org/W4408500398","https://openalex.org/W4378071503","https://openalex.org/W4402995036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acute":[0],"appendicitis":[1,93],"characterized":[2],"by":[3],"a":[4,42,48,100,144,149,166],"painful":[5],"inflammation":[6],"of":[7,13,47,61,65,82,132,159,168],"the":[8,14,20,30,36,62,66,70,80,87,106,112,118,126,130,136,140,156,160,173,180,200,211],"vermiform":[9],"appendix":[10,21,67,113,151,188],"is":[11,22,53],"one":[12],"most":[15],"common":[16],"surgical":[17],"emergencies.":[18],"Localizing":[19],"challenging":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,57,79,110,116,171],"its":[26],"unclear":[27],"anatomy":[28],"amidst":[29],"complex":[31],"colon-structure":[32],"as":[33],"observed":[34],"in":[35,41,105],"conventional":[37],"CT":[38,72,198],"views,":[39],"resulting":[40],"time-consuming":[43],"diagnosis.":[44,94,122],"End-to-end":[45],"learning":[46,102],"convolutional":[49],"neural":[50],"network":[51],"(CNN)":[52],"also":[54],"not":[55],"likely":[56],"be":[58],"useful":[59],"because":[60],"negligible":[63],"size":[64],"compared":[68],"with":[69,195,204],"abdominal":[71,108,197],"volume.":[73,154],"With":[74],"no":[75],"prior":[76,205],"computational":[77],"approaches":[78],"best":[81],"our":[83,96,193],"knowledge,":[84],"we":[85,98,124,163],"propose":[86],"first":[88,115],"computerized":[89],"automation":[90],"for":[91,121,135],"acute":[92,133],"In":[95,192],"approach,":[97],"utilize":[99],"reinforcement":[101],"agent":[103],"deployed":[104],"lower":[107],"region":[109,167],"obtain":[111,125],"location":[114],"reduce":[117],"search":[119],"space":[120],"Then,":[123],"classification":[127,181],"scores":[128],"(i.e.,":[129],"likelihood":[131],"appendicitis)":[134],"local":[137],"neighborhood":[138],"around":[139],"localized":[141],"position,":[142],"using":[143],"CNN":[145],"trained":[146],"only":[147],"on":[148],"small":[150],"patch":[152],"per":[153],"From":[155],"spatial":[157],"representation":[158],"resultant":[161],"scores,":[162],"finally":[164],"define":[165],"low-entropy":[169],"(RLE)":[170],"choose":[172],"optimal":[174],"diagnosis":[175,214],"score,":[176],"which":[177],"helps":[178],"improve":[179],"accuracy":[182],"showing":[183],"robustness":[184],"even":[185],"under":[186],"high":[187],"localization":[189,206],"error":[190],"cases.":[191],"experiment":[194],"319":[196],"volumes,":[199],"proposed":[201],"RLE-based":[202],"decision":[203],"showed":[207],"significant":[208],"improvement":[209],"over":[210],"standard":[212],"CNN-based":[213],"approaches.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-09-12T00:00:00"}