{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971402829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","title":"Benchmarking Gaze Prediction for Categorical Visual Search","display_name":"Benchmarking Gaze Prediction for Categorical Visual Search","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971402829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","mag":"2971402829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110259880","display_name":"Gregory J. Zelinsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-3159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-3159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Zelinsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101866258","display_name":"Zhibo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-7275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-7275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lihan Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101579017","display_name":"Yupei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001047332","display_name":"Seoyoung Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-9208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7842-9208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seoyoung Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040218244","display_name":"Zijun Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-1041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2487-1041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059458301","display_name":"Hossein Adeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-1091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-1091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Adeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076307452","display_name":"Dimitris Samaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-0294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-0294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Samaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038957718","display_name":"Minh Hoai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-6048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-6048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh Hoai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90105649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"828","last_page":"836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze-prediction","display_name":"gaze prediction","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-fixations","display_name":"eye fixations","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-behavior","display_name":"search behavior","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking-dataset","display_name":"eye-tracking dataset","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"benchmarking","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7280881404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.7275236248970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.72226881980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6611994504928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.632312536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5780771970748901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5669640302658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5589442253112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5558555126190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5213514566421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.466169148683548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.421132355928421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3373751640319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67472587","https://openalex.org/W284368147","https://openalex.org/W1510835000","https://openalex.org/W1517086206","https://openalex.org/W1532449368","https://openalex.org/W1582452058","https://openalex.org/W1602644359","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1963804917","https://openalex.org/W1970661169","https://openalex.org/W1977965306","https://openalex.org/W2038533067","https://openalex.org/W2049579898","https://openalex.org/W2052423441","https://openalex.org/W2053910263","https://openalex.org/W2055350558","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2081913479","https://openalex.org/W2082335776","https://openalex.org/W2093353037","https://openalex.org/W2103415419","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117301471","https://openalex.org/W2122951813","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2130738254","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2148487208","https://openalex.org/W2156422946","https://openalex.org/W2169561119","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2345555458","https://openalex.org/W2465345885","https://openalex.org/W2581309991","https://openalex.org/W2738450183","https://openalex.org/W2808707360","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W4239072543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977092942","https://openalex.org/W3045955841","https://openalex.org/W6921704219","https://openalex.org/W3154689434","https://openalex.org/W2625513908","https://openalex.org/W2124153422","https://openalex.org/W3098046716","https://openalex.org/W4402916414","https://openalex.org/W4311800583","https://openalex.org/W2122951813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prediction":[1],"of":[2,5,21,51,63,97,112,120,133,137,199,233],"human":[3],"shifts":[4],"attention":[6],"is":[7,60],"a":[8,22,52,79,118,146,154,157,170,174,227],"widelystudied":[9],"question":[10],"in":[11,18,140,177],"both":[12,153],"behavioral":[13],"and":[14,88,156,208,216],"computer":[15],"vision,":[16],"especially":[17],"the":[19,30,37,61,92,113,134,178,191,197,231],"context":[20],"free":[23],"viewing":[24],"task.":[25],"However,":[26],"search":[27,48,69,109,188,240],"behavior,":[28],"where":[29,150],"fixation":[31,161],"scanpaths":[32,189],"are":[33],"highly":[34],"dependent":[35],"on":[36,67,165,210],"viewer's":[38],"goals,":[39],"has":[40],"received":[41],"far":[42],"less":[43],"attention,":[44],"even":[45],"though":[46],"visual":[47,239],"constitutes":[49],"much":[50],"person's":[53],"everyday":[54],"behavior.":[55,241],"One":[56],"reason":[57],"for":[58,83,110,125,169,219,230,236],"this":[59,75],"absence":[62],"real-world":[64],"image":[65],"datasets":[66,136,215],"which":[68],"models":[70,183,204],"can":[71],"be":[72,226],"trained.":[73],"In":[74],"paper":[76],"we":[77,223],"present":[78,145],"carefully":[80],"created":[81],"dataset":[82,130],"two":[84,114],"target":[85],"categories,":[86],"microwaves":[87],"clocks,":[89],"curated":[90],"from":[91,190],"COCO2014":[93],"dataset.":[94],"A":[95],"total":[96,119],"2183":[98],"images":[99,151],"were":[100,106,206],"presented":[101],"to":[102,108,185],"multiple":[103],"participants,":[104],"who":[105],"tasked":[107],"one":[111,132],"categories.":[115],"This":[116],"yields":[117],"16184":[121],"validated":[122],"fixations":[123,139],"used":[124],"training,":[126],"making":[127],"our":[128,217],"microwave-clock":[129],"currently":[131],"largest":[135],"eye":[138],"categorical":[141],"search.":[142],"We":[143,195],"also":[144],"40-image":[147],"testing":[148],"dataset,":[149],"depict":[152],"microwave":[155,171],"clock":[158,175],"target.":[159],"Distinct":[160],"patterns":[162],"emerged":[163],"depending":[164],"whether":[166],"participants":[167],"searched":[168],"(n=30)":[172,176],"or":[173],"same":[179,192],"images,":[180],"meaning":[181],"that":[182,205],"need":[184],"predict":[186],"different":[187],"pixel":[193],"inputs.":[194],"report":[196],"results":[198],"several":[200],"state-of-the-art":[201],"deep":[202],"network":[203],"trained":[207],"evaluated":[209],"these":[211,214],"datasets.":[212],"Collectively,":[213],"protocol":[218],"evaluation":[220],"provide":[221],"what":[222],"hope":[224],"will":[225],"useful":[228],"test-bed":[229],"development":[232],"new":[234],"methods":[235],"predicting":[237],"category-specific":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-09-12T00:00:00"}
