{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970907313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","title":"An alternative approach to predicting bank credit risk in Europe with Google data","display_name":"An alternative approach to predicting bank credit risk in Europe with Google data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970907313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","mag":"2970907313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612319305318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88577320","display_name":"Finance research letters","issn_l":"1544-6123","issn":["1544-6123","1544-6131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612319305318/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003516690","display_name":"Marcos Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-370X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-370X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Direcci\u00f3n y Econom\u00eda de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana, s/n. 24071 Le\u00f3n, Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Direcci\u00f3n y Econom\u00eda de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana, s/n. 24071 Le\u00f3n, Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007265101","display_name":"Carmen Gonz\u00e1lez Velasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-9412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-9412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Gonz\u00e1lez-Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Direcci\u00f3n y Econom\u00eda de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana, s/n. 24071 Le\u00f3n, Espa\u00f1a"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Direcci\u00f3n y Econom\u00eda de la Empresa, Facultad de Ciencias Econ\u00f3micas y Empresariales, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana, s/n. 24071 Le\u00f3n, Espa\u00f1a","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007265101"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.7274,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90716955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"101281","last_page":"101281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.07819999754428864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.04320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-credit-risk","display_name":"bank credit risk","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google-search-data","display_name":"Google search data","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-sentiment","display_name":"investor sentiment","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-index","display_name":"sentiment index","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-default-swaps","display_name":"credit default swaps","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-distress","display_name":"financial distress","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-sample-forecasting","display_name":"out-of-sample forecasting","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-banks","display_name":"European banks","score":0.765999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.7196251749992371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178350159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162714","display_name":"Credit risk","level":2,"score":0.6543923616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993078247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182076","display_name":"Bank credit","level":2,"score":0.5923447012901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984760201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785212","display_name":"Financial distress","level":2,"score":0.552509069442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4811055064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.47768789529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4501327872276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4320966303348541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4265025854110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42372068762779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.408443808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37753260135650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3402959108352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3181728720664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.25958508253097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25028881430625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.20502406358718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1983451545238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612319305318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88577320","display_name":"Finance research letters","issn_l":"1544-6123","issn":["1544-6123","1544-6131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3145910127","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3624524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:finlet:v:35:y:2020:i:c:s1544612319305318","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612319305318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/13184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10612/13184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401642","display_name":"Buleria (Universidad de Le\u00f3n)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169046204","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169046204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.08.029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612319305318/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88577320","display_name":"Finance research letters","issn_l":"1544-6123","issn":["1544-6123","1544-6131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2558680147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89715-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7188732129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G910752865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECO 2017\u201089715\u2010P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970907313.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970907313.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555931331","https://openalex.org/W1821531884","https://openalex.org/W1862650602","https://openalex.org/W1972837402","https://openalex.org/W1996221708","https://openalex.org/W1998454089","https://openalex.org/W2006632042","https://openalex.org/W2020692855","https://openalex.org/W2035903161","https://openalex.org/W2036190060","https://openalex.org/W2040285440","https://openalex.org/W2113051550","https://openalex.org/W2154729534","https://openalex.org/W2242950702","https://openalex.org/W2323881768","https://openalex.org/W2369866561","https://openalex.org/W2568547100","https://openalex.org/W2597109886","https://openalex.org/W2608762378","https://openalex.org/W2610389610","https://openalex.org/W2782585732","https://openalex.org/W2794035370","https://openalex.org/W2806929125","https://openalex.org/W3122136669","https://openalex.org/W3122183745","https://openalex.org/W3122944446","https://openalex.org/W3123250452","https://openalex.org/W3124283099","https://openalex.org/W3125696988","https://openalex.org/W4291327732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123718362","https://openalex.org/W2251162459","https://openalex.org/W4411094361","https://openalex.org/W3130787562","https://openalex.org/W4353095454","https://openalex.org/W7112841556","https://openalex.org/W2369866561","https://openalex.org/W7112170513","https://openalex.org/W7125234439","https://openalex.org/W2909228567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,65],"aim":[1],"of":[2,29,40,82,90],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"is":[5,73],"to":[6,16,43,47,58],"construct":[7],"an":[8,25],"alternative":[9,26],"approach":[10,27],"based":[11,61],"on":[12,62],"a":[13,38,55],"sentiment":[14,71],"index":[15,53,72],"measure":[17],"bank":[18,44,63,77],"credit":[19,45,78],"risk":[20,46,79],"in":[21],"European":[22],"countries":[23],"using":[24],"instead":[28],"traditional":[30,59],"measures.":[31],"Specifically,":[32],"we":[33],"use":[34],"Google":[35],"data":[36],"for":[37,75],"set":[39],"keywords":[41],"related":[42],"capture":[48],"investor":[49],"sentiment.":[50],"resulting":[52],"shows":[54],"great":[56],"similarity":[57],"indexes":[60],"CDS.":[64],"out-of-sample":[66],"analysis":[67],"demonstrates":[68],"that":[69],"our":[70],"helpful":[74],"predicting":[76],"during":[80],"periods":[81],"financial":[83],"distress,":[84],"since":[85],"it":[86],"enhances":[87],"the":[88,91],"accuracy":[89],"estimations.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-09-05T00:00:00"}
