{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970828447","doi":null,"title":"Effects of proximity and specificity of goals on performance","display_name":"Effects of proximity and specificity of goals on performance","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970828447","mag":"2970828447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11136655340007891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Effects-of-proximity-and-specificity-of/991005545296607891","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/view/delivery/61MUN_INST/12136655330007891/13137279120007891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/view/delivery/61MUN_INST/12136655330007891/13137279120007891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049530316","display_name":"Leslie D. Jobe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leslie D. Jobe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049530316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.7329000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.09709999710321426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-specificity","display_name":"goal specificity","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-proximity","display_name":"goal proximity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-difficulty","display_name":"goal difficulty","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-setting","display_name":"goal setting","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance","display_name":"performance","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-rate","display_name":"work rate","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-setting","display_name":"task setting","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"productivity","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-decrement","display_name":"performance decrement","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6144714951515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.6076845526695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5666362047195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5477548837661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199027","display_name":"Goal setting","level":2,"score":0.4895411431789398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84653758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5575175","display_name":"Goal orientation","level":2,"score":0.48461875319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44643884897232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.34317877888679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23704084753990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11136655340007891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Effects-of-proximity-and-specificity-of/991005545296607891","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/view/delivery/61MUN_INST/12136655330007891/13137279120007891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:50405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50405/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jobe, Leslie D. &lt;https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Jobe, Leslie.html&gt; (1984) Effects of proximity and specificity of goals on performance. PhD thesis, Murdoch University.","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2970828447","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50405/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11136655340007891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Effects-of-proximity-and-specificity-of/991005545296607891","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/view/delivery/61MUN_INST/12136655330007891/13137279120007891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970828447.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2970828447.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150602700","https://openalex.org/W2019557603","https://openalex.org/W2093466347","https://openalex.org/W2765387811","https://openalex.org/W2159167774","https://openalex.org/W1994152699","https://openalex.org/W7073828218","https://openalex.org/W1998200566","https://openalex.org/W944500460","https://openalex.org/W1479751352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,36,56,86,102,119,168,231,259,271,283],"finding":[2],"that":[3,30,171],"specific,":[4],"difficult":[5],"goals":[6],"result":[7],"in":[8,89,178,246,270],"improved":[9,181],"performance":[10,111,193],"has":[11,21],"been":[12,65],"extensively":[13],"documented,":[14],"goal":[15,19,31,43,59,75,78,81,108,136,200,216,265],"specificity,":[16],"independent":[17],"of":[18,40,58,71,94,104,112,159,162,183,212,226,239,261,264,273,285],"difficulty,":[20],"received":[22],"little":[23],"attention.":[24],"Similarly,":[25],"whilst":[26],"studies":[27],"have":[28,63],"shown":[29],"proximity":[32,60,79,137,141,201],"-":[33,47,122],"operationalised":[34],"as":[35,51,53,142,202],"pacing":[37],"or":[38,180],"conversion":[39],"a":[41,113,131,173,185,210,224,241,252],"terminal":[42],"into":[44],"proximal":[45,105,175,187,242],"subgoals":[46,106],"significantly":[48],"influence":[49],"self-regulation":[50],"well":[52],"productive":[54,247],"behaviour,":[55,248],"effects":[57,103,217],"per":[61],"se,":[62],"not":[64,117,219],"systematically":[66,100,146],"investigated.":[67],"\\n":[68,125,195],"\\nThe":[69],"confounding":[70],"these":[72],"two":[73],"variables,":[74],"specificity":[76,109,150],"and":[77,107,138,145,221,279,287],"with":[80,191,280],"difficulty":[82],"is":[83],"central":[84],"to":[85,154,165,233,257,282],"issues":[87],"examined":[88],"this":[90],"thesis.":[91],"A":[92],"series":[93],"controlled":[95],"experiments":[96],"were":[97,129],"conducted":[98],"which":[99,198,215],"investigated":[101],"on":[110],"novel":[114],"coding":[115],"task,":[116],"unlike":[118],"WAIS":[120],"digit":[121],"symbol":[123],"test.":[124],"\\nTwo":[126],"noteworthy":[127],"findings":[128,197,229],"replicated:":[130],"positive":[132],"linear":[133],"relationship":[134],"between":[135],"output":[139],"confirmed":[140],"an":[143,203],"important":[144],"related":[147],"moderator":[148],"Goal":[149],"however,":[151],"was":[152,189],"found":[153],"be":[155,234],"In":[156],"addition,":[157],"analyses":[158],"work":[160],"rate":[161],"performance.":[163,166],"unrelated":[164],"across":[167],"task":[169,277,286],"indicated":[170],"whereas":[172],"more":[174],"focus":[176,188,243],"resulted":[177],"maintained":[179],"rates":[182],"output,":[184],"less":[186],"associated":[190],"mid-task":[192],"decrement.":[194],"\\nThese":[196],"implicate":[199,209],"hitherto":[204],"overlooked":[205],"\"third":[206],"variable\",":[207],"also":[208,255],"set":[211],"conditions":[213],"under":[214],"will":[218],"obtain":[220],"thus":[222],"allow":[223],"number":[225],"seemingly":[227],"discrepant":[228],"within":[230],"literature":[232],"reintegrated.":[235],"The":[236],"apparent":[237],"importance":[238],"adopting":[240],"when":[244],"engaging":[245],"without":[249],"necessarily":[250],"having":[251],"specific":[253],"(sub)goal,":[254],"serves":[256],"question":[258],"adequacy":[260],"current":[262],"explanations":[263],"setting":[266],"effectiveness,":[267],"at":[268],"least":[269],"context":[272],"short":[274],"term":[275],"productivity,":[276],"setting,":[278],"reference":[281],"type":[284],"instructions":[288],"used.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2019-09-05T00:00:00"}
