{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969924031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","title":"Retributivism and the Use of Imprisonment as the Ultimate Back-up Sanction","display_name":"Retributivism and the Use of Imprisonment as the Ultimate Back-up Sanction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969924031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","mag":"2969924031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764647375","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence","issn_l":"0841-8209","issn":["0841-8209","2056-4260"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Law &amp; Jurisprudence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058097436","display_name":"William B\u00fclow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5244-6878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5244-6878"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William B\u00fclow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058097436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94755179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"285","last_page":"303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.6729000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.6729000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.2761000096797943,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.01510000042617321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retributivism","display_name":"retributivism","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarceration","display_name":"incarceration","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-custodial-sentences","display_name":"non-custodial sentences","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desert","display_name":"desert","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-sanctions","display_name":"criminal sanctions","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consequentialism","display_name":"consequentialism","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-prevention","display_name":"crime prevention","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841236","display_name":"Imprisonment","level":2,"score":0.8985085487365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110928126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519270","display_name":"Retributive justice","level":3,"score":0.7794932126998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779295839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090","display_name":"Punishment (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7402511835098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776130869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361649","display_name":"Desert (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.639287531375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.6023281812667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5785546898841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.508089542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4674431085586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4544629454612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.41616392135620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4004056453704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.38709691166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.38630619645118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3158336877822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2946542203426361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.21664917469024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18333205580711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13857388496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11682999134063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07883122563362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2019.16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764647375","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence","issn_l":"0841-8209","issn":["0841-8209","2056-4260"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Law &amp; Jurisprudence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259798464","https://openalex.org/W577338896","https://openalex.org/W640013440","https://openalex.org/W945552348","https://openalex.org/W1497647472","https://openalex.org/W1532162979","https://openalex.org/W2195510340","https://openalex.org/W2484277423","https://openalex.org/W2531682597","https://openalex.org/W2606970277","https://openalex.org/W2774896322","https://openalex.org/W2782241481","https://openalex.org/W2999985453","https://openalex.org/W3204158394","https://openalex.org/W4233769195","https://openalex.org/W4236053889","https://openalex.org/W4238442794","https://openalex.org/W4247872649","https://openalex.org/W4252746852","https://openalex.org/W4256377232","https://openalex.org/W4298386005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316375522","https://openalex.org/W4406107671","https://openalex.org/W2951426606","https://openalex.org/W2789362769","https://openalex.org/W7133434683","https://openalex.org/W2943120304","https://openalex.org/W3183904668","https://openalex.org/W3195717320","https://openalex.org/W4255420642","https://openalex.org/W2095698548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Imprisonment":[1],"is":[2,27,32,48,67,76,133,240,258],"often":[3],"said":[4],"to":[5,36,51,90,121,134,139,175,177,254,270],"be":[6,97],"the":[7,41,70,100,107,125,137,144,149,166,223,236,264],"ultimate":[8,150],"back-up":[9,47,151,226],"sanction":[10,102],"for":[11,72,103,213,222,247],"offenders":[12],"who":[13,105],"do":[14],"not":[15],"abide":[16],"by":[17],"their":[18,57,110,115],"non-custodial":[19,74,111],"sentence.":[20],"From":[21],"a":[22,33,46,73,78,83,93,188,197,214,241,248],"standard":[23],"consequentialist":[24],"perspective":[25],"this":[26,131,178,203,271],"morally":[28],"justified,":[29],"if":[30,69],"it":[31,195,257],"cost-effective":[34],"means":[35],"crime":[37,117],"prevention.":[38],"In":[39,153],"contrast,":[40],"use":[42,145],"of":[43,109,146,199,225,238],"imprisonment":[44,123,147],"as":[45,99,148],"much":[49],"harder":[50],"justify":[52,143],"from":[53],"retributivist":[54],"perspectives,":[55],"with":[56,206],"emphasis":[58],"on":[59,234],"just":[60],"desert":[61,185],"or":[62,85],"deserved":[63,200,218],"censure.":[64],"The":[65,128,180,230],"crux":[66],"this:":[68],"reason":[71],"sentence":[75,80],"that":[77,162,194,244,260],"prison":[79,94],"risks":[81],"being":[82],"disproportionate":[84],"inappropriate":[86],"sanction,":[87],"retributivists":[88,141,170],"need":[89],"explain":[91],"how":[92,184,235],"term":[95],"can":[96,142,245],"warranted":[98],"backup":[101],"those":[104],"breach":[106,239],"requirements":[108],"sentence,":[112],"even":[113],"though":[114],"original":[116],"wasn\u2019t":[118],"serious":[119],"enough":[120],"warrant":[122],"in":[124,130,165,173,191],"first":[126,157,181],"place.":[127],"aim":[129],"paper":[132,265],"critically":[135],"assess":[136],"extent":[138],"which":[140,169],"sanction.":[152],"doing":[154],"so,":[155],"I":[156],"examine":[158],"two":[159],"broad":[160],"strategies":[161,262],"are":[163],"discussed":[164],"literature,":[167],"and":[168,251],"could":[171,210],"employ":[172],"order":[174],"respond":[176],"problem.":[179,272],"strategy":[182,232],"stresses":[183],"has":[186],"only":[187],"limited":[189],"role":[190],"sentencing":[192],"such":[193],"demarcates":[196],"range":[198],"punishment.":[201],"On":[202],"view,":[204],"associated":[205],"limiting":[207],"retributivism,":[208],"one":[209],"initially":[211],"opt":[212],"less":[215],"harsh":[216],"yet":[217],"punishment,":[219],"leaving":[220],"room":[221],"imposition":[224],"sanctions":[227],"when":[228],"needed.":[229],"second":[231],"focuses":[233],"act":[237,243],"reprehensible":[242],"allow":[246],"penalty":[249],"increase,":[250],"thereby":[252],"lead":[253],"imprisonment.":[255],"Although":[256],"argued":[259],"both":[261],"fail,":[263],"proposes":[266],"an":[267],"alternative":[268],"solution":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}
