{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969452371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","title":"Hope and Fulfillment After Complex Trauma: Using Mixed Methods to Understand Healing","display_name":"Hope and Fulfillment After Complex Trauma: Using Mixed Methods to Understand Healing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969452371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","mag":"2969452371","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31616333","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6764148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029020557","display_name":"Denise Saint Arnault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-8347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Denise Saint Arnault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States","Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011523959","display_name":"Laura \u0160inko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-4727","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-4727"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Sinko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States","Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029020557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":2.8754,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90949293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"2061","last_page":"2061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.6093999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.6093999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.3521000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexual-abuse","display_name":"child sexual abuse","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-trauma","display_name":"complex trauma","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-recovery","display_name":"trauma recovery","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healing","display_name":"healing","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-traumatic-growth","display_name":"posttraumatic growth","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-of-coherence","display_name":"sense of coherence","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-compassion","display_name":"self-compassion","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-distress","display_name":"psychiatric distress","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-survivors","display_name":"women survivors","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6835595369338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.6726654171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6459168791770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.5968577265739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411912","display_name":"Rumination","level":3,"score":0.5758084058761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5707552433013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5332602858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4521099627017975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3604316711425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28882211446762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.25686514377593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6764148","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6764148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31616333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31616333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87d7070a2f734cc3bffbec369e99dac0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87d7070a2f734cc3bffbec369e99dac0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309652","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316030","display_name":"Hillman Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02sxfy669"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332336","display_name":"Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969452371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969452371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W846363242","https://openalex.org/W1139269317","https://openalex.org/W1515587369","https://openalex.org/W1760340288","https://openalex.org/W1981459575","https://openalex.org/W1986684549","https://openalex.org/W1992615179","https://openalex.org/W2002771059","https://openalex.org/W2015238951","https://openalex.org/W2015545507","https://openalex.org/W2027984145","https://openalex.org/W2036663310","https://openalex.org/W2037776951","https://openalex.org/W2042847798","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2048533792","https://openalex.org/W2054103341","https://openalex.org/W2057327092","https://openalex.org/W2079063500","https://openalex.org/W2097917677","https://openalex.org/W2107390272","https://openalex.org/W2115281858","https://openalex.org/W2116839388","https://openalex.org/W2134219294","https://openalex.org/W2147791664","https://openalex.org/W2154001391","https://openalex.org/W2161551760","https://openalex.org/W2166272087","https://openalex.org/W2167811530","https://openalex.org/W2236889054","https://openalex.org/W2236973702","https://openalex.org/W2279574376","https://openalex.org/W2316878322","https://openalex.org/W2327096276","https://openalex.org/W2339725698","https://openalex.org/W2508009170","https://openalex.org/W2559619101","https://openalex.org/W2586267516","https://openalex.org/W2614451906","https://openalex.org/W2911313177","https://openalex.org/W2912418510","https://openalex.org/W2915711178","https://openalex.org/W2987321975","https://openalex.org/W3195710921","https://openalex.org/W4239763840","https://openalex.org/W6817839100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204496036","https://openalex.org/W2922499976","https://openalex.org/W1555077570","https://openalex.org/W2979678218","https://openalex.org/W2056433646","https://openalex.org/W2088344468","https://openalex.org/W35270527","https://openalex.org/W2143278883","https://openalex.org/W1523162073","https://openalex.org/W2976933355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1],"shown":[2],"that":[3,89,124],"the":[4,13,32,135,156,184,200,209,281],"experience":[5,43],"of":[6,15,54,70,76,113,134,145,155,188,194,215,225,238,252,266,283,290,298,312,321],"Childhood":[7],"Sexual":[8],"Abuse":[9],"(CSA)":[10],"can":[11],"increase":[12],"rates":[14],"physical":[16,25],"and":[17,24,64,72,96,99,140,143,172,175,196,199,235,243,255,272,286,301,323],"emotional":[18],"sequela,":[19],"including":[20,161],"depression,":[21],"anxiety,":[22],"PTSD,":[23],"pain.":[26],"However,":[27,310],"little":[28],"is":[29,59],"known":[30],"about":[31],"healing":[33],"journeys":[34],"for":[35,68,192,280,319,327],"those":[36,75],"women":[37,77,85,101,115],"who,":[38],"after":[39],"surviving":[40],"CSA,":[41],"also":[42],"unwanted":[44],"sexual":[45],"assaults":[46],"(USE)":[47],"as":[48],"a":[49,87,121,129,258],"young":[50],"adult.":[51],"The":[52],"goal":[53],"this":[55],"mixed":[56],"method":[57],"study":[58],"to":[60,104,117,182,205],"compare":[61,183],"identity,":[62],"distress,":[63,93],"positive":[65],"health":[66,92,97],"outcomes":[67],"survivors":[69,193,251,282,289,311],"CSA":[71,216,226,239,254,285,300],"USE":[73,81,197,221,233,246,256,267,287,291,302,313],"with":[74,120],"who":[78],"have":[79,217,227,240],"survived":[80],"alone.":[82,247,268,292],"First,":[83],"206":[84],"completed":[86],"survey":[88],"evaluated":[90],"mental":[91],"trauma":[94,126],"centrality,":[95],"indicators,":[98],"these":[100,189],"were":[102,150,277],"invited":[103],"take":[105],"part":[106],"in":[107,208],"an":[108],"additional":[109],"interview.":[110],"A":[111],"subsample":[112],"24":[114],"agreed":[116],"be":[118,206],"interviewed":[119],"narrative":[122],"interview":[123,136],"examined":[125],"recovery":[127],"from":[128,152],"holistic":[130],"perspective.":[131],"Thematic":[132],"analysis":[133],"data":[137],"revealed":[138,203],"contextual":[139],"internal":[141],"barriers":[142],"facilitators":[144],"healing.":[146],"Eight":[147],"qualitative":[148,159],"dimensions":[149],"derived":[151],"code":[153,186,190],"frequencies":[154,187],"emerging":[157],"50":[158],"codes,":[160],"Normalization,":[162],"Denial,":[163],"Negative":[164,229],"Impact,":[165],"Positive":[166],"Coping,":[167],"Rumination,":[168],"Identity":[169],"Healing,":[170,174],"Hope":[171,242],"Fulfillment":[173,244],"Engagement":[176],"Healing.":[177],"We":[178],"then":[179],"used":[180],"t-tests":[181],"mean":[185,261,306],"complexes":[191],"CSA/USE":[195],"alone,":[198,234],"significant":[201],"findings":[202],"hypotheses":[204],"tested":[207],"larger":[210],"quantitative":[211],"sample.":[212],"H1:":[213],"Survivors":[214,224,237,265,297],"less":[218],"denial":[219],"than":[220,232,245,264,288],"alone;":[222],"H2:":[223],"higher":[228,260,279,305,317],"Impact":[230],"scores":[231,276],"H3:":[236],"more":[241],"H1":[248],"was":[249,270,294],"supported;":[250],"both":[253,284,299],"had":[257,303,315],"significantly":[259,278,304,316],"Centrality":[262],"Scores":[263],"H2":[269],"supported,":[271],"all":[273],"negative":[274],"impact":[275],"H3":[293],"partially":[295],"supported.":[296],"Post-Traumatic":[307],"growth":[308],"scores.":[309,325],"alone":[314],"means":[318],"Sense":[320],"Coherence":[322],"Self-Compassion":[324],"Implications":[326],"practice":[328],"are":[329],"discussed.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}