{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969293127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","title":"INTER-COMPARISON OF THE GLOBAL LAND COVER MAPS IN AFRICA SUPPLEMENTED BY SPATIAL ASSOCIATION OF ERRORS","display_name":"INTER-COMPARISON OF THE GLOBAL LAND COVER MAPS IN AFRICA SUPPLEMENTED BY SPATIAL ASSOCIATION OF ERRORS","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969293127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","mag":"2969293127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","pdf_url":"https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-4-W14/11/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-11-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737215817","display_name":"The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","issn_l":"1682-1750","issn":["1682-1750","1682-1777","2194-9034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-4-W14/11/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-11-2019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040804556","display_name":"Gorica Brati\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-3751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-3751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Bratic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085312464","display_name":"Daniele Oxoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-5586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-5586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Oxoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075778487","display_name":"Maria Antonia Brovelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-5561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-5561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Brovelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1676,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62799711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"XLII-4/W14","issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.8881999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.061500001698732376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.02810000069439411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover-maps","display_name":"land cover maps","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercomparison","display_name":"intercomparison","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globeland30","display_name":"GlobeLand30","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-validation","display_name":"map validation","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moran-s-i","display_name":"Moran's I","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"confusion matrix","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accuracy-assessment","display_name":"accuracy assessment","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetlands","display_name":"wetlands","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrubland","display_name":"shrubland","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rwanda","display_name":"Rwanda","score":0.9350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6659644842147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6400057077407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.6300009489059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5592808723449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5590584874153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5526670217514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.527775764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5128567218780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4301723837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.41725873947143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41269102692604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38415852189064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3541322350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.34418702125549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32320713996887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32228055596351624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29490381479263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.29234427213668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23621827363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2009042501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10695865750312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","pdf_url":"https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-4-W14/11/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-11-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737215817","display_name":"The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","issn_l":"1682-1750","issn":["1682-1750","1682-1777","2194-9034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1101532","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1101532","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1101532/2/11311-1101532_Oxoli.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06e7ff9bb9cb4d7381ab0ceddfdba183","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06e7ff9bb9cb4d7381ab0ceddfdba183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XLII-4-W14, Pp 11-16 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-11-2019","pdf_url":"https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-4-W14/11/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W14-11-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737215817","display_name":"The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","issn_l":"1682-1750","issn":["1682-1750","1682-1777","2194-9034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969293127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969293127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140190819","https://openalex.org/W1814448218","https://openalex.org/W1982545055","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2021291741","https://openalex.org/W2052611179","https://openalex.org/W2169678197","https://openalex.org/W2495539160","https://openalex.org/W2800098797","https://openalex.org/W2922502341","https://openalex.org/W2948447356","https://openalex.org/W3022771044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080925304","https://openalex.org/W2922502341","https://openalex.org/W2948447356","https://openalex.org/W2988801381","https://openalex.org/W4313473030","https://openalex.org/W2033848829","https://openalex.org/W2074894322","https://openalex.org/W2768961849","https://openalex.org/W3092360725","https://openalex.org/W2006244011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Recent":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,30,77,155,196],"Earth":[4],"Observations":[5],"supported":[6],"development":[7],"of":[8,36,43,59,71,75,95,99,101,104,110,135,149,152,164,181,202,205,213,226],"high-resolution":[9],"land":[10],"cover":[11],"(LC)":[12],"maps":[13,184],"on":[14,126],"a":[15,83,133],"large-scale.":[16],"This":[17,207],"is":[18,46,82,185],"an":[19],"important":[20],"step":[21],"forward,":[22],"especially":[23],"for":[24,73,147],"developing":[25],"countries,":[26],"which":[27],"experienced":[28],"problems":[29],"the":[31,90,127,138,153,182,193,197,203,211,214,229],"past":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,51,85,170],"absence":[35],"reliable":[37],"LC":[38,44,62,68],"information.":[39],"Nevertheless,":[40],"increasing":[41],"number":[42],"products":[45,63],"imposing":[47],"additional":[48],"validation":[49,87],"workload":[50],"confirm":[52],"their":[53,172],"quality.":[54],"In":[55,120],"this":[56,121],"paper":[57],"inter-comparison":[58],"two":[60,139,183,215,230],"recent":[61],"(GlobeLand30":[64],"and":[65,116,192,199,220,232],"S2":[66],"prototype":[67],"20m":[69],"map":[70,106,112],"Africa)":[72],"country":[74],"Rwanda":[76],"Africa":[78],"was":[79,145,168],"done.":[80],"It":[81],"way":[84],"facilitate":[86],"by":[88],"identifying":[89],"areas":[91,225,234],"with":[92,107,210],"higher":[93],"probability":[94],"error.":[96],"Specific":[97],"approach":[98],"comparison":[100],"single":[102],"pixel":[103],"one":[105],"multiple":[108],"pixels":[109,154],"another":[111],"provided":[113],"confusion":[114,128],"matrix":[115,129],"sub-pixel":[117],"agreement":[118],"table.":[119],"work,":[122],"accuracy":[123,237],"indexes":[124],"based":[125],"were":[130],"computed":[131,146],"as":[132,160,162],"measure":[134],"similarity":[136,180],"between":[137,228],"maps.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"Moran\u2019s":[142],"I":[143],"index":[144],"estimation":[148],"spatial":[150,173],"association":[151],"disagreement.":[156],"Also,":[157],"total":[158],"disagreement,":[159],"well":[161],"disagreement":[163],"particularly":[165],"confused":[166,217],"classes":[167,218],"visualised":[169],"analyse":[171],"distribution.":[174],"The":[175,222],"results":[176,223],"are":[177,189,239],"showing":[178],"that":[179],"about":[186],"66%.":[187],"Disagreements":[188],"spatially":[190],"associated":[191],"most":[194,216],"evident":[195],"eastern":[198],"north-western":[200],"part":[201],"area":[204],"interest.":[206],"coincides":[208],"also":[209],"distribution":[212],"Wetland":[219],"Shrubland.":[221],"delineate":[224],"inconsistency":[227],"maps,":[231],"therefore":[233],"where":[235],"careful":[236],"analysis":[238],"needed.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}
