{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969259296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","title":"CONFIRMATION BIAS IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: A PEDAGOGICAL EXAMPLE","display_name":"CONFIRMATION BIAS IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: A PEDAGOGICAL EXAMPLE","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969259296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","mag":"2969259296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219417","display_name":"Matemati\u010deskie struktury i modelirovanie","issn_l":"2222-8772","issn":["2222-8772","2222-8799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312658","host_organization_name":"Omsk State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Omsk State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Structures and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084309371","display_name":"Griselda Acosta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Griselda Acosta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at El Paso"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at El Paso","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076136025","display_name":"Eric Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-7994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-7994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at El Paso"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at El Paso","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061275811","display_name":"\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a \u041a\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","display_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","ror":"https://ror.org/04d5vba33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladik Kreinovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at El Paso"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at El Paso","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49624531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"1","first_page":"144","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5228999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5228999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.09139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.06310000270605087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmation-bias","display_name":"confirmation bias","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"systems engineering","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-design","display_name":"experimental design","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-of-experiments","display_name":"number of experiments","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making-under-uncertainty","display_name":"decision making under uncertainty","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6139187216758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.508686363697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79585631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431498","display_name":"Confirmation bias","level":2,"score":0.4740176796913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3925696909427643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3314635157585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.18320569396018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.17826613783836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07730907201766968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24147/2222-8772.2020.1.144-148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219417","display_name":"Matemati\u010deskie struktury i modelirovanie","issn_l":"2222-8772","issn":["2222-8772","2222-8799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312658","host_organization_name":"Omsk State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312658"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Omsk State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Structures and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.utep.edu:cs_techrep-2367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/cs_techrep/1359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196403","display_name":"scholarworks - UTEP (The University of Texas at El Paso)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Technical Reports (CS)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.utep.edu:cs_techrep-2367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.utep.edu/cs_techrep/1359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196403","display_name":"scholarworks - UTEP (The University of Texas at El Paso)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164936912","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas at El Paso","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164936912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Technical Reports (CS)","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156653813","https://openalex.org/W1993412967","https://openalex.org/W2003824622","https://openalex.org/W2009543464","https://openalex.org/W2026136470","https://openalex.org/W2051544972","https://openalex.org/W2060053136","https://openalex.org/W2075585362","https://openalex.org/W4252008324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021048134","https://openalex.org/W2115704439","https://openalex.org/W2522669694","https://openalex.org/W4247027354","https://openalex.org/W2159322587","https://openalex.org/W6925285288","https://openalex.org/W2061400562","https://openalex.org/W2969706973","https://openalex.org/W2117139563","https://openalex.org/W2090892192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,14,49,55],"the":[2,9,16,21,26],"biases":[3],"potentially":[4],"affecting":[5],"systems":[6],"engineers":[7],"is":[8,31,45],"confirmation":[10],"bias,":[11,57],"when":[12],"instead":[13],"selecting":[15],"best":[17],"hypothesis":[18,28],"based":[19],"on":[20,36],"data,":[22],"people":[23],"stick":[24],"to":[25,46,64,66],"previously-selected":[27],"until":[29],"it":[30,44],"disproved.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34,50,56],"paper,":[35],"a":[37,67],"simple":[38],"example,":[39],"we":[40,58],"show":[41],"how":[42],"important":[43],"take":[47],"care":[48],"bias:":[51],"namely,":[52],"that":[53],"because":[54],"need":[59],"twice":[60],"as":[61],"many":[62],"experiments":[63],"switch":[65],"better":[68],"hypothesis.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2019-08-29T00:00:00"}