{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969148407","doi":null,"title":"\"Something isn't secure, but I'm not sure how that translates into a problem\": Promoting autonomy by designing for understanding in Signal","display_name":"\"Something isn't secure, but I'm not sure how that translates into a problem\": Promoting autonomy by designing for understanding in Signal","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969148407","mag":"2969148407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2969148407","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.usenix.org/system/files/soups2019-wu.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421005","display_name":"Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071085955","display_name":"Justin Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068837303","display_name":"Cyrus Gattrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyrus Gattrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072032961","display_name":"Devon Howard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devon Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058965394","display_name":"Jake Tyler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Tyler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065260036","display_name":"Elham Vaziripour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197572798","display_name":"Utah Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxpxc98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Vaziripour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Valley University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Valley University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075763274","display_name":"Daniel Zappala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-9983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-9983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Zappala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081604096","display_name":"Kent E. Seamons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-492X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-492X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kent E. Seamons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham-Young University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham-Young University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70098222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"137","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.5185999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.413100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.04170000180602074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-autonomy","display_name":"user autonomy","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-design","display_name":"security design","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signals","display_name":"signals","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-cost","display_name":"response cost","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"risk perception","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-systems","display_name":"system trust","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-trade-offs","display_name":"privacy trade-offs","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-empowerment","display_name":"user empowerment","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-communication","display_name":"security communication","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6543617248535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6225799322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5852741003036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5839176177978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5432533025741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.4389832019805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4346276819705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.42078667879104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4163590371608734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.370297908782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21159684658050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17938268184661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2969148407","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.usenix.org/system/files/soups2019-wu.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306421005","display_name":"Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1033335120","https://openalex.org/W1545612752","https://openalex.org/W1800552373","https://openalex.org/W1994288483","https://openalex.org/W2022302485","https://openalex.org/W2023465037","https://openalex.org/W2045591401","https://openalex.org/W2048020986","https://openalex.org/W2055873213","https://openalex.org/W2056847254","https://openalex.org/W2060010505","https://openalex.org/W2063748437","https://openalex.org/W2081430061","https://openalex.org/W2091939813","https://openalex.org/W2099889974","https://openalex.org/W2101753117","https://openalex.org/W2131738146","https://openalex.org/W2139179587","https://openalex.org/W2142225512","https://openalex.org/W2417203279","https://openalex.org/W2519766541","https://openalex.org/W2611043134","https://openalex.org/W2741679103","https://openalex.org/W2751792421","https://openalex.org/W2753798069","https://openalex.org/W2889413014","https://openalex.org/W2899001757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144999294","https://openalex.org/W1593877366","https://openalex.org/W2724187834","https://openalex.org/W7096992937","https://openalex.org/W7028395672","https://openalex.org/W1554404174","https://openalex.org/W7096037172","https://openalex.org/W2757600516","https://openalex.org/W2891607111","https://openalex.org/W2234279250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"designs":[1],"that":[2,24,61,122,140,156],"presume":[3],"enacting":[4],"secure":[5],"behaviors":[6],"to":[7,73,127],"be":[8,107,125],"beneficial":[9],"in":[10,49,98,147,171],"all":[11,25],"circumstances":[12],"discount":[13],"the":[14,34,42,50,68,91,95,167],"impact":[15],"of":[16,36,70,90,150,153,163,166],"response":[17,135],"cost":[18],"on":[19],"users\u2019":[20,63,148],"lives":[21],"and":[22,46,134,155],"assume":[23],"data":[26],"is":[27,143],"equally":[28],"worth":[29],"protecting.":[30],"However,":[31],"this":[32,54,83],"has":[33],"effect":[35],"reducing":[37],"user":[38,164],"autonomy":[39],"by":[40],"diminishing":[41],"role":[43],"personal":[44,129],"values":[45],"priorities":[47],"play":[48],"decision-making":[51],"process.":[52],"In":[53],"study,":[55],"we":[56,85],"demonstrate":[57],"an":[58,161],"alternative":[59],"approach":[60],"emphasizes":[62],"comprehension":[64,105],"over":[65],"compliance,":[66],"with":[67],"goal":[69],"helping":[71],"users":[72,123],"make":[74,128],"more":[75],"informed":[76],"decisions":[77],"regarding":[78],"their":[79],"own":[80],"security.":[81],"To":[82],"end,":[84],"conducted":[86],"a":[87,144],"three-phase":[88],"redesign":[89],"warning":[92],"notifications":[93],"surrounding":[94],"authentication":[96],"ceremony":[97],"Signal.":[99],"Our":[100,117],"results":[101],"show":[102],"how":[103],"improved":[104],"can":[106],"achieved":[108],"while":[109],"still":[110],"promoting":[111],"favorable":[112],"privacy":[113],"outcomes":[114],"among":[115],"users.":[116],"experience":[118],"reaffirms":[119],"existing":[120],"arguments":[121],"should":[124],"empowered":[126],"trade-offs":[130],"between":[131],"perceived":[132],"risk":[133,159],"cost.":[136],"We":[137],"also":[138],"find":[139],"system":[141,151],"trust":[142],"major":[145],"factor":[146],"interpretation":[149],"determinations":[152],"risk,":[154],"properly":[157],"communicating":[158],"requires":[160],"understanding":[162],"perceptions":[165],"larger":[168],"security":[169],"ecosystem":[170],"whole.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}