{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2968028706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","title":"Q Methodology in Research on Political Decision Making","display_name":"Q Methodology in Research on Political Decision Making","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2968028706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","mag":"2968028706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604323","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","raw_type":"reference-entry"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143643626","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101639841","display_name":"Steven R. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-6875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-6875"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven R Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Evaluation and Measurement, Kent State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Evaluation and Measurement, Kent State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101639841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13587","display_name":"Q Methodology Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13587","display_name":"Q Methodology Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13051","display_name":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13777","display_name":"Cognitive and psychological constructs research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-methodology","display_name":"Q methodology","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-decision-making","display_name":"political decision-making","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"subjectivity","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-sort","display_name":"Q-sort","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-perspectives","display_name":"stakeholder perspectives","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-carnivore-conservation","display_name":"large carnivore conservation","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-rocky-mountains","display_name":"northern Rocky Mountains","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-order","display_name":"social order","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.7681624889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.6612293720245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6359310150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6074710488319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.6067203283309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5992240309715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5385372042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.49250635504722595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4664660692214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.46583881974220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.4428645074367523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4425976872444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4262947738170624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4258134365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4168437123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39756786823272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37302786111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33905911445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2138744592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20186007022857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1594962775707245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15680459141731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.11075523495674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09878334403038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604323","display_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","raw_type":"reference-entry"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2481036086","https://openalex.org/W2492685292","https://openalex.org/W2500254221","https://openalex.org/W2766537233","https://openalex.org/W4211231146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W152577345","https://openalex.org/W2259634684","https://openalex.org/W2784740403","https://openalex.org/W4246740925","https://openalex.org/W2527174322","https://openalex.org/W2289594313","https://openalex.org/W3009417649","https://openalex.org/W2080704017","https://openalex.org/W4254738161","https://openalex.org/W4211227435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Q":[1,80,99,134,145,147,173,211,243],"methodology":[2,81,100,174,244],"was":[3,175],"introduced":[4],"in":[5,108,132,140,167,196,302],"1935":[6],"and":[7,17,53,66,79,84,89,113,152,191,236,270],"has":[8],"evolved":[9],"to":[10,63,74,117,123,138,157,177,219,248,279],"become":[11],"the":[12,21,56,91,105,130,133,141,165,185,189,197,224,249,267,281,290,297,303],"most":[13,33,217,222],"elaborate":[14],"philosophical,":[15],"conceptual,":[16],"technical":[18],"means":[19],"for":[20,87,121],"systematic":[22],"study":[23,240],"of":[24,30,43,59,98,143,160,181,193,204,227,251,259,272,284,292,300],"subjectivity":[25],"across":[26],"an":[27,40,171],"increasing":[28],"array":[29],"human":[31],"activities,":[32],"recently":[34],"including":[35],"decision":[36,45],"making.":[37],"Subjectivity":[38],"is":[39],"inescapable":[41],"dimension":[42],"all":[44,49],"making":[46],"since":[47],"we":[48],"have":[50,73,163],"thoughts,":[51],"perspectives,":[52],"preferences":[54],"concerning":[55,110],"wide":[57],"range":[58],"matters":[60],"that":[61,67,207,233],"come":[62],"our":[64],"attention":[65],"enter":[68],"into":[69],"consideration":[70],"when":[71],"choices":[72],"be":[75,246],"made":[76],"among":[77],"options,":[78],"provides":[82],"procedures":[83],"a":[85,111,118,144,158,178,202,260],"rationale":[86],"clarifying":[88],"examining":[90],"various":[92,106],"viewpoints":[93],"at":[94],"issue.":[95],"The":[96,275],"application":[97],"commonly":[101],"begins":[102],"by":[103,254],"accumulating":[104],"comments":[107],"circulation":[109],"topic":[112],"then":[114,127,150,210],"reducing":[115],"them":[116],"smaller":[119],"set":[120,180],"administration":[122],"select":[124],"participants,":[125],"who":[126,162],"typically":[128],"rank":[129],"statements":[131,166],"sample":[135],"from":[136,213],"agree":[137],"disagree":[139],"form":[142],"sort.":[146],"sorts":[148],"are":[149,234,277],"correlated":[151],"factor":[153,225],"analyzed,":[154],"giving":[155],"rise":[156],"typology":[159],"persons":[161],"ordered":[164],"similar":[168],"ways.":[169],"As":[170],"illustration,":[172],"administered":[176],"diverse":[179],"stakeholders":[182],"concerned":[183],"with":[184,188],"problems":[186],"associated":[187],"conservation":[190],"control":[192],"large":[194],"carnivores":[195],"Northern":[198],"Rockies.":[199],"Participants":[200],"nominated":[201],"variety":[203],"possible":[205],"solutions":[206,215],"each":[208],"person":[209],"sorted":[212],"those":[214,220],"judged":[216,221],"effective":[218],"ineffective,":[223],"analysis":[226],"which":[228],"revealed":[229],"four":[230],"separate":[231],"perspectives":[232],"compared":[235],"contrasted.":[237],"A":[238],"second":[239],"demonstrates":[241],"how":[242,263],"can":[245],"applied":[247],"examination":[250],"single":[252],"cases":[253],"focusing":[255],"on":[256,296],"two":[257],"members":[258],"group":[261],"contemplating":[262],"they":[264],"might":[265],"alter":[266],"governing":[268],"structures":[269],"culture":[271],"their":[273],"organization.":[274],"results":[276],"used":[278],"illustrate":[280],"quantum":[282],"character":[283],"subjective":[285],"behavior":[286],"as":[287,289],"well":[288],"laws":[291],"subjectivity.":[293],"Discussion":[294],"focuses":[295],"broader":[298],"role":[299],"decisions":[301],"social":[304],"order.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-23T09:35:12.469056","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}