{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967574246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","title":"Searching for Humanitarian Discretion in Immigration Enforcement: Reflections on a Year as an Immigration Attorney in the Trump Era","display_name":"Searching for Humanitarian Discretion in Immigration Enforcement: Reflections on a Year as an Immigration Attorney in the Trump Era","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967574246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","mag":"2967574246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2489&context=mjlr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151673326","display_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","issn_l":"0363-602X","issn":["0363-602X","2688-4933"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2489&context=mjlr","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081672955","display_name":"Nina Rabin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Rabin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCLA School of Law","Immigrant Family Legal Clinic, UCLA School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCLA School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immigrant Family Legal Clinic, UCLA School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081672955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1178,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8946465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"53.1","first_page":"139","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13694","display_name":"Immigration Law and Human Rights","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-enforcement","display_name":"immigration enforcement","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-discretion","display_name":"administrative discretion","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trump-administration-immigration-policy","display_name":"Trump administration immigration policy","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-attorneys","display_name":"immigration attorneys","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucratic-culture","display_name":"bureaucratic culture","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.7965161800384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7557952404022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6064897775650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204207695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231147","display_name":"Immigration law","level":3,"score":0.5699059367179871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5545432567596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777558666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48782465","display_name":"Immigration reform","level":4,"score":0.5318329930305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4832637906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111141941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218719","display_name":"Immigration policy","level":3,"score":0.46636566519737244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4529293477535248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.41766831278800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.4128193259239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.34316736459732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24436601996421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08470165729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2489&context=mjlr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151673326","display_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","issn_l":"0363-602X","issn":["0363-602X","2688-4933"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.law.umich.edu:mjlr-2489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol53/iss1/4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3125529704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3371181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.searching","pdf_url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2489&context=mjlr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151673326","display_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","issn_l":"0363-602X","issn":["0363-602X","2688-4933"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315934","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315934","https://openalex.org/P4310316579"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Michigan Law School","University of Michigan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967574246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2967574246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87445368","https://openalex.org/W140066833","https://openalex.org/W1736985198","https://openalex.org/W2218607997","https://openalex.org/W2901277267","https://openalex.org/W3125787506","https://openalex.org/W4240943663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3027349709","https://openalex.org/W4285653583","https://openalex.org/W3197569848","https://openalex.org/W2889039583","https://openalex.org/W4231293146","https://openalex.org/W7024212672","https://openalex.org/W1529990457","https://openalex.org/W1958878007","https://openalex.org/W2131513603","https://openalex.org/W4225527382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"Article":[1],"describes":[2],"one":[3,158],"of":[4,9,37,49,81,133,159],"the":[5,10,15,18,23,35,44,47,79,84,88,116,122,126,131,138,178,190],"most":[6],"striking":[7],"features":[8],"Trump":[11,89],"Administration\u2019s":[12],"immigration":[13,25,30,85,98,123],"policy:":[14],"shift":[16],"in":[17,22,55,83,100,121,187],"way":[19,117],"discretion":[20,50,82,118],"operates":[21,120],"legal":[24],"system.":[26],"Unlike":[27],"other":[28],"high-profile":[29],"policies":[31],"that":[32,65,102,113,151,181],"have":[33,51],"been":[34],"focus":[36],"class":[38],"action":[39],"lawsuits":[40],"and":[41,136,146],"public":[42],"outcry,":[43],"changes":[45],"to":[46,68,165],"role":[48,80,180],"attracted":[52],"little":[53],"attention,":[54],"part":[56],"because":[57],"they":[58],"are":[59,66],"implemented":[60],"through":[61],"low-visibility":[62],"individualized":[63],"decisions":[64],"difficult":[67],"identify,":[69],"let":[70],"alone":[71],"challenge":[72],"systemically.":[73],"After":[74],"providing":[75],"historical":[76],"context":[77],"regarding":[78],"system":[86],"before":[87],"Administration,":[90],"I":[91,170],"offer":[92],"four":[93],"case":[94],"studies":[95],"from":[96,115],"my":[97],"practice":[99],"Arizona":[101],"illustrate":[103],"discretion\u2019s":[104],"new":[105],"role.":[106],"The":[107],"cases":[108],"highlight":[109],"three":[110],"key":[111],"trends":[112],"result":[114],"currently":[119],"system:":[124],"(1)":[125],"ever-widening":[127],"enforcement":[128,168,192],"net;":[129],"(2)":[130],"emboldening":[132],"front-line":[134],"bureaucrats;":[135],"(3)":[137],"changing":[139],"bureaucratic":[140],"culture":[141],"within":[142],"United":[143],"States":[144],"Citizenship":[145],"Immigration":[147],"Services,":[148],"an":[149,166],"agency":[150],"previously":[152],"had":[153],"seen":[154],"its":[155],"mission":[156],"as":[157],"integration,":[160],"but":[161],"has":[162],"now":[163],"shifted":[164],"aggressive":[167],"orientation.":[169],"close":[171],"with":[172],"a":[173],"final":[174],"section":[175],"reflecting":[176],"on":[177],"important":[179],"individual":[182],"direct":[183],"representation":[184],"can":[185],"play":[186],"fighting":[188],"against":[189],"current":[191],"regime.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}