{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967512062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","title":"Psychological Attempts to Change a Person\u2019s Gender Identity From Transgender to Cisgender: Estimated Prevalence Across US States, 2015","display_name":"Psychological Attempts to Change a Person\u2019s Gender Identity From Transgender to Cisgender: Estimated Prevalence Across US States, 2015","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967512062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","mag":"2967512062","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31415210","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6727306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6727306","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048064672","display_name":"Jack L. Turban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-254X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-254X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack L. Turban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023352983","display_name":"Dana S. King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-0407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-0407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070617032","display_name":"Sari L. Reisner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-4746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-4746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sari L. Reisner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075501004","display_name":"Alex Sogomon Keuroghlian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-8354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-8354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex S. Keuroghlian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jack L. Turban is with the Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Dana King is with The Fenway Institute, Boston. Sari L. Reisner is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School. Alex S. Keuroghlian is with The Fenway Institute, Boston, and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98094627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"10","first_page":"1452","last_page":"1454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10156","display_name":"LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11906","display_name":"Gender, Sexuality, and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgender-people","display_name":"transgender people","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-therapy","display_name":"conversion therapy","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-states","display_name":"United States states","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifetime-exposure","display_name":"lifetime exposure","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-level-variation","display_name":"state-level variation","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779671885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189125","display_name":"Transgender","level":2,"score":0.9442769289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5622501969337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020302352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052281","display_name":"Transgender women","level":5,"score":0.5366636514663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991839931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48264","display_name":"Gender identity","level":2,"score":0.44720402359962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40644755959510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36570441722869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3464013934135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3208051323890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21756616234779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1710500717163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.14732801914215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.12304869294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776939746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853451","display_name":"Men who have sex with men","level":4,"score":0.11084184050559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41083","display_name":"Syphilis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011580","descriptor_name":"Psychological Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014189","descriptor_name":"Transsexualism","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014189","descriptor_name":"Transsexualism","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063106","descriptor_name":"Transgender Persons","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063106","descriptor_name":"Transgender Persons","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6727306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6727306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31415210","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31415210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6727306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6727306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.46149998903274536}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003057979","display_name":"American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition among Transgender Women in High Risk Areas","funder_award_id":"UG3AI133669","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2066465178","display_name":"Fostering Research Mentorship and Training During Psychiatry Residency","funder_award_id":"R25MH094612","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564379368","https://openalex.org/W2579232716","https://openalex.org/W2588470476","https://openalex.org/W2767123858","https://openalex.org/W2801689618","https://openalex.org/W2883950048","https://openalex.org/W2896324140","https://openalex.org/W2911994102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972644287","https://openalex.org/W4392348800","https://openalex.org/W3195820518","https://openalex.org/W2896324140","https://openalex.org/W3200371096","https://openalex.org/W4214881000","https://openalex.org/W4387331500","https://openalex.org/W4366265703","https://openalex.org/W4415107065","https://openalex.org/W2564379368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives.":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"exposure":[3,78,103,146],"to":[4,7,15,59,64,79,90,104,121,147,167],"psychological":[5],"attempts":[6],"change":[8],"a":[9,46],"person\u2019s":[10],"gender":[11],"identity":[12],"from":[13,40,86,118],"transgender":[14,19,53,96,138],"cisgender":[16],"(PACGI)":[17],"among":[18],"people":[20,54,139],"in":[21,55,66,98,140,157],"the":[22,28,41,56,61,74,99,141,164],"United":[23,57,100,142],"States,":[24,58],"lifetime":[25,77,145],"and":[26,31,108,113,134],"between":[27,106],"years":[29],"2010":[30,107,166],"2015,":[32],"by":[33],"US":[34,43,68,84,159],"state.":[35,69],"Methods.":[36],"We":[37],"obtained":[38],"data":[39],"2015":[42,109],"Transgender":[44],"Survey,":[45],"cross-sectional":[47],"nonprobability":[48],"sample":[49,75],"of":[50,73,95,137],"27":[51],"716":[52],"estimate":[60],"percentage":[62,94],"exposed":[63],"PACGI":[65,105,131],"each":[67],"Results.":[70],"Overall,":[71],"13.5%":[72,136],"indicated":[76],"PACGI,":[80],"ranging":[81],"across":[82,114],"all":[83,115],"states":[85,116],"9.4%":[87],"(South":[88,123],"Carolina)":[89],"25.0%":[91],"(Wyoming).":[92],"The":[93],"adults":[97],"States":[101,143],"reporting":[102],"was":[110],"5%":[111],"overall,":[112],"ranged":[117],"1.2%":[119],"(Alaska)":[120],"16.3%":[122],"Dakota).":[124],"Conclusions.":[125],"Despite":[126],"major":[127],"medical":[128],"organizations":[129],"identifying":[130],"as":[132,161,163],"ineffective":[133],"unethical,":[135],"reported":[144],"this":[148,153],"practice.":[149],"Findings":[150],"suggest":[151],"that":[152],"practice":[154],"has":[155],"continued":[156],"every":[158],"state":[160],"recently":[162],"period":[165],"2015.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}
